This comprehensive review focuses on the different factors, modification in the synthesis method, characterization and application of heterogeneous catalyst in the wastewater treatment based on the Fenton process. The present review highlights the different catalyst preparation methods like wet impregnation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, precipitation method and their application to treat different recalcitrant organic chemicals. Major heterogeneous catalyst synthesis methods were discussed with their excellent workability. The importance of modification through physical and chemical method  was  also reported. Different catalyst, pollutants and optimum parametric conditions available in the literature along with some relevant studies are summarized. The effect of factors like pH, calcination and some other modifiers on the synthesis and their efficiency in the wastewater treatment has been described. The important characterization of synthesized catalysts explaining their working efficiency has also been discussed. In the final section, the application of heterogeneous catalyst synthesized by different methods in the wastewater/effluent treatment has been investigated. The main aim of this review is to find out the influence of process parameters and catalytic method on degradation/decolorization of organic compounds present in industrial or synthetic wastewater. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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In this study, the degradation of mixed dye (mixture of Azure B and Congo red) was investigated using iron-loaded black soil as a catalyst via Fenton process. Ironloaded black soil catalyst was prepared by the wet impregnation method, calcined at different temperatures with varying of iron loading on black soil. Their behavior was compared through characterization techniques (FTIR and XRD). Separately, the effect of calcination and aging of catalyst was investigated on the degradation of mixed dye with optimized conditions. Significant degradation (>90% only in 10 min) was observed in optimum conditions. Toxicity measurement was done by a seed germination test which gave significant results. In the kinetic study, it was found that Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbery (BMG) model was the best suited for this process compared to other models. In addition, thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free energy [∆G], activation energy [E a ], activation enthalpy [∆H], and activation entropy [∆S]) were also calculated. The stability of synthesized catalyst was found to be satisfactory.

a b s t r a c tFly ash is one of the solid wastes generated from thermal power plants. Fly ash has certain catalytic capacity because of the possessions of porous structure. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is considered to be toxic, non-biodegradable organics and it is recognized by Environmental Protection Agency as a priority pollutant. 4-NP was selected as model organic compound and fly ash making brick clay was used as raw material to prepare catalyst in this work. The catalyst consists of iron which is loaded on fly ash brick clay (FABC). The catalyst was prepared by impregnation method using fly ash clay support matrix. The prepared catalyst was used to study the performance of heterogeneous catalyst on degradation of 4-NP. The prepared catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of operating parameters such as the iron loading on matrix, dosage of H 2 O 2 , dosage of catalyst, initial concentration of 4-NP, initial pH and temperature was investigated on percentage degradation of 4-NP. The stability of prepared catalyst was also investigated by reusing the catalyst applying for four consecutive experiments. All the experiments were performed with 100 ppm of initial concentration. With operating condition of 10% Fe-FABC catalyst dosage of 2 g/L, pH 3.0, oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) dosage 30 mM, reaction time of 40 min and room temperature, % degradation was more than 92% within these operating conditions.

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