Jatroha protein concentrate (JPC) was prepared by iso-electric precipitation method. A 45-day feeding trial was conducted for the nutritional evaluation of JPC and fermented Jatropha protein concentrate (FJPC) in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Seven iso-nitrogenous (340 g kg À1 CP) and iso-energetic (17 MJ kg À1 ) diets such as C (soy protein concentrate ) , T 1 (50 g kg À1 JPC), T 2 (100 g kg À1 JPC), T 3 (200 g kg À1 JPC), T 4 (50 g kg À1 FJPC), T 5 (100 g kg À1 FJPC) and T 6 (200 g kg À1 FJPC) were fed to respective groups. The weight gain % and protein effciency ratio showed a decreasing trend with higher inclusion of JPC whereas these parameters increased gradually on higher inclusion of FJPC. FCR showed the reverse trend. The protease, GOTand GPT activities of FJPC fed groups were significantly higher than their non-fermented counterparts whereas a reverse trend was observed for LDH and MDH enzyme activities in muscle and liver. The survival rate was 100% in all the treatment groups except for T 2 and T 3 . Phorbol esters (PEs) in FJPC was non-detectable. Results suggested that solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger is an effective method for removal of PEs and FJPC is a promising protein source in aquafeed.

a b s t r a c tThe nutritional potential of protein isolate from rubber seed (RPI) in the diets of Labeo rohita (initial average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) was assessed in a 60 days feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (32.62 ± 0.13 CP Kg −1 ) and isocaloric (18.47 ± 0.08 MJ kg −1 ) experimental diets were formulated with graded level of RPI like 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI), and designated as Control, RPI25, RPI50, RPI75, RPI100, respectively. The RPI contributed 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% or 52% of the total dietary protein in the diets. Each diets were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks containing 12 fish in triplicates and fed to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance and nutrient utilization indices such as percent weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth coefficient (DGC), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention (PR) values were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments irrespective of inclusion levels of RPI. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (HSI) was recorded in the control and RPI 50 group compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal somatic index (ISI) and Survival rate were similar (p > 0.05) in all the groups. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and protein for fish fed the control and RPI 100 diets were found to be similar, while RPI 50 and RPI 75 groups exhibited a significantly lower value corresponding to the protease enzyme activity. The whole body compositions and digestive/metabolic enzymes activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control compared to the RPI fed groups. Significantly higher serum glucose level was recorded in RPI 50, while a reverse was seen in the liver glycogen contents. Overall, this study clearly showed that RPI from rubber seed can serve as alternative protein source in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effects on growth, nutrient utilization and physio-metabolic responses.

The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2, has presented itself as a wicked problem where both the disease and its containment measures have caused significant human suffering. The pandemic has also affected every aspect of aquaculture and capture fisheries. Zoonotic origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2 and its containment measures, such as restrictions on the mobility of people, social distancing and ban on public gathering, have disrupted fish production, supply chain, consumer behaviour and perception for fish as a food item. The debilitating effect of COVID‐19 on the global economy has also left people with less dispensable income, which can translate to poor fish sales in the upcoming years. Therefore, the effects of COVID‐19 on society are not only a medical issue but have more profound and long‐lasting socioeconomic consequences. The current article reviews the existing literature across multiple disciplines to determine the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on multiple aspects of the aquaculture and fishing industry; aquaculture and capture fishery, post‐harvest processing of fish, supply chain and consumer behaviour. The article also provides recommendations for making different aspects of aquaculture and fisheries resilient to a future pandemic‐like situation. The recommendations are inspired by the principles of One Health that range from biological to socioeconomic aspects of the sector. A One Health approach is a collaborative effort from professionals belonging, but not limited, to the disciplines of medicine, veterinary, environment, economics, education and social sciences to make policy‐level interventions for problems that can be difficult to address using conventional approach.

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Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified through the process of solid‐state fermentation using Aspergillus niger fungus. A 60‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) on the hemato‐biochemical and histopathological parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g). A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 experimental tanks in four dietary groups, namely control (SBM‐based diet), T1 (10% FJKM replacing 33.3% SBM), T2 (20% FJKM replacing 66.7% SBM), and T3 (30% FJKM replacing 100% SBM). There was no significant difference in the red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, and respiratory burst activity among the various groups, but significantly higher hematocrit value and albumin/globulin ratio were observed in the T2‐fed group compared with the control. No statistical difference was found in serum glucose level of the control and FJKM‐fed groups. Histopathological examination of the intestine and liver indicated no adverse effects in the control and FJKM‐fed groups. Our findings revealed that FJKM can replace 100% SBM protein in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings, without any adverse effects on fish health.