Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is an exaggerated anterior lower cervical curve and posterior upper thoracic curve, leading to excessive anterior positioning of the head concerning a vertical reference line, accompanying rounded shoulders with thoracic kyphosis, this Occurs due to imbalance between posterior and anterior neck muscles, causing neck pain. Exercise treatments are effective in reducing FHP alongside associated neck pain. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2019 on 60 patients diagnosed with FHP from different hospitals of Quetta and were equally distributed into two groups, each containing 30 participants. Group A was given stretching exercises and group B was given isometric exercises for 2 weeks. The visual analog scale was used to assess patients before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Result: Patients were having a mean age of +30.42, Most of them were males (n=34, 57.0%) and from age group of 41-60 years (n=33, 55.0%). Moderate severity was reported by (n=41, 58.3%) and both cervical and thoracic regions were involved in (n=36, 60.0%). Before treatment most of patients were having pain intensity of 6 (n=21, 35.0%) and after treatment were having pain intensity 4 (n=24, 40.0%). There was no significant difference in pain reduction between both interventional groups. Conclusion:The study concludes that both techniques, the isometric strength training, and stretching exercises are equally effective in correcting forward head posture and associated neck pain reduction.

Objective: To assess the Prevalence of Low Back Pain among the Dentists of Karachi, Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted in many different hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan from October to December 2015. A self-constructed questionnaire which includes the demographic Characterstics and other questions were duration of work per day, work experience of a participants, onset of pain, aggravating factors. Among the 68 dentists SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data. Results:The majority (n=38, 55.8%) of the participants belongs to age group of 36 to 45 years, (n=36, 52.9%) were female and (n=25, 36.7%) were specialized in the dental surgery. Moreover in the prevalence the (n=65, 96 %%) of the participants reported they are suffering from lower back pain. After checking the working status of respondents we found that (n= 34, 52.3%) were working more than 8 hours in a day, while (n=29, 44.6%) of responded that they had work experience between 5 to 10 years. In the onset of pain (n=23, 35.3%) reported that they usually start feeling pain within 1 to 2 hours of working especially when they use to bend their lower back. Conclusion:This Study fi nalized that there is 96% prevalence of lower back pain among the dentists working in Karachi Pakistan.

Aim: To assess the self-efficacy of patient centeredness and its implication rates among physical therapists of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration: The Study was conducted from August to December 2017. The data was collected from different hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan, Agha Khan Hospital, Liaquat National Hospital, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Rabia moon Hospital, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Jijal Mauu Hospital. Methodology: The Self-Efficacy in Patient Centeredness Questionnaire (SEPCQ-27) consisting of (1-27) scoring key, with total score of 108 was distributed among 377 physical therapists while 305 were filled and returned. The Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: Most of the participants were from age group of 24-29 years (n=252, 82.6%) and were male (n=194, 63.6%). Most of the participants were having experience of 1-5 years (n=251, 82.3%), working in general hospital setting (n=133, 43.6). The working hours ranges between 4-8 hours (n=194, 63.6%). Most of the participants reported high degree (n=270, 88.5%) of patient centeredness. Minimum reported score on SEPCQ-27 was 41 while the maximum reported score was 108. Conclusion: The study concludes that self-efficacy in patient centered care among physiotherapists of Sindh, Pakistan was high. The study also reported that physiotherapists implement patient centered care to higher degrees, It has positive influence on outcomes, patient satisfaction, patient-therapist relation, patients health related quality of life, adherence to treatment and physical and mental wellness.

Objective: To assess the treatment approach of physiotherapists towards patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Material & methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2016 among the 116 selected participants who were working in different physical therapy setups of Karachi Pakistan. A self-constructed questionnaire was used among the participants which consist of demographic Characteristics (age, gender, Qualification, and experience). While the Knowledge and utilization related close-ended questions were the 1. Type of exercise (isometrics and isotonic exercise), utilization of manual techniques (use of Maitland peripheral joint mobilization techniques, Cyrix mobilization techniques, Mulligan mobilization techniques & Manual joint distraction). 2. The use of electrotherapy modalities (use of TENS, Ultrasound, Cryotherapy & Heating) & 3. Treatment preference includes (results of manual therapy, electrotherapy or electrotherapy & manual therapy both in combination). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The majority of physiotherapists (n=71, 61.2%) belong to the age group of 31 to 45 years, and (n=71, 61.2%) were male. After checking the Qualification the majority (n=65, 56%) were Post-graduate and (n=62, 53.2%) were having 7 to 15 years of experience. Among all (n=94, 81%) of physiotherapists were using an isometric type of exercises in the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Most of (n=101, 87%) the Physiotherapist was using peripheral joint distraction in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. The majority (n=109, 93.9%) of physiotherapists were using manual therapy and electrophysical agents in combination among the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: The physiotherapists who are working in different setups of Karachi were treating the patients of RA by using different techniques of manual therapy along with the combination of electrophysical agents. In electrophysical agents, they were using the tens and heating combination for pain management.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Physical Therapy Management among the toe walking children’s in Karachi Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted from June to October 2018 in Department of physiotherapy, Liaquat National medical college and hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A self-fabricated questionnaire was used in 36 Toe walking children’s. The questionnaire consists of demographics (age and gender), evaluation of pain through visual analogue scale, range of motion through goniometer and cadence was measured .The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to interpret the data. Result: The majority (n=24, 66.6%) were belongs to age group of 8 to 12 years and (n=25, 69.4%) were male. Mostly (n=25, 69.4%) were clinically diagnosed cases of cerebral palsy. After checking the involvement it was found that (n=21, 58.3%) were suffering from bilateral toe walking and (n=22, 61.1%) were affected from the day of their birth. Conclusion: The study finalized that the Physical Therapy is effective in decreasing the pain, increasing the range of motion and improving the number of steps among the toe walking children’s.