LABC in the Indian scenario is an outcome of neglect due to patient and system factors. These factors offer an excellent opportunity to plan a community-oriented preventive strategy for the general population and practitioners to decrease the incidence of LABC.

Neo adjuvant chemotherapy helps in down staging LABC and offers opportunity in vivo to assess the effect of chemotherapy on individual basis. There was no significant difference in disease free survival, overall survival and post operative complication in between two groups.

Background: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) had been widely accepted because of its low complication rate, tolerable postoperative pain and early recovery of pulmonary function. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess safety and efficacy of VATS and also analyze the surgical outcomes of VATS procedures for non-malignant thoracic pathologies.Methods: A total of 32 patients with non-malignant pathologies of thorax to undergo VATS lobectomy and thoracotomy conversion cases initially approached by VATS lobectomy were enrolled. Demographic data and surgical information were noted and compare between infection and non-infection group. Primary outcomes were thoracotomy conversion rate, period of thoracic drainage, length of hospital stay, and complications.Results: The majority of patients were in the age group of 36-45 years (28.12%) with female predominance (62.50%). The commonest clinical presentation was hydropneumothorax (28.12%). Most common infective and non-infective aetiology was lung hydatid (28.12%) and benign nodule (18.75%) respectively. The commonest surgical procedures conducted using VATS were lobectomy (34.37%), and decortication (25%). The mean blood loss among the cases was 315.9±36.46 ml. Mean operative time was 157.18±12.37 minutes. Among 6.25% cases thoracotomy was conducted in view of difficult hilar dissection, while among 3.12% cases each of indistinct anatomy and bleeding. Mean duration of thoracic drainage was 6.78±1.69 days and mean hospital stay was 8.2±3.2 days. 6.25% cases had fatal complications while 21.87% cases had milder complications. Only one case recurred while 96.87% cases cured.Conclusions: VATS lobectomy for benign disease is feasible and effective in selected cases, regardless of the presence of infection.

Pilonidal sinus in the intermammary region is a rare location of an inflammatory condition commonly occurring in the natal cleft. It is typically characterised by a pus and hair containing cavity in the skin lined by granulation tissue connecting the skin surface. A 22 year-old female presented with chronically discharging sinuses in the intermammary region with recurrent abscess formation for one year duration. Although a rare location, clinical diagnosis of pilonidal sinus was made. Complete excision of sinus tract with abscess cavity with primary closure was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed pilonidal sinus. On follow up, the scar was healthy with no keloid formation. Pilonidal sinus may rarely occur in intermammary region. Complete excision and primary closure is the mainstay treatment.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been debated that "remote access endoscopic parathyroidectomy" requires extensive dissection, thereby, increasing the risk of complications. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and safety of remote access endoscopic parathyroidectomy via the unilateral axilla-breast approach (ABA) and transoral vestibular approach (TOEPVA).  </p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study includes 17 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing endoscopic parathyroidectomy from January 2016 to December 2020. Of these, 11 patients underwent parathyroidectomy via unilateral ABA and 6 had TOEPVA. Preoperatively, ultrasonography of neck, sestamibi scan and CT scan neck were done to localise the diseased gland. Post operatively, Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The mean age of patients was 35.6±10.5 years. Except one, all the patients were females. The mean operative time of the unilateral ABA and TOEPVA group was 93.67±28.64 minutes and 138.6±31 minutes respectively. Except for three patients, in all the patients, the parathormone levels normalised. One patient had hungry bone syndrome postoperatively. The mean hospital stay of the unilateral ABA and TOEPVA group was 3±1.5 days and 4±3.09 days respectively. One patient had post-operative transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis. Seroma and surgical emphysema were seen in two patients each. </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Remote Access Endoscopic parathyroidectomy may be considered safe in treatment of parathyroid tumours. Precise preoperative localisation is mandatory. In addition to a magnified view and a better illumination, the potential advantages of endoscopic techniques are better cosmetic results, decreased hospital stay and better patient comfort.</p>