Study Objective: Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used as a health supplement, though few human studies have shown benefits. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral CBD-Terpene formulation on sleep physiology in insomniacs. Methods: In this pilot study, six participants with insomnia completed a placebo-controlled trial of an oral administration of CBD (300 mg) and terpenes (1 mg each of linalool, myrcene, phytol, limonene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, alpha-pinene, and beta-caryophyllene), administered daily for 28 days using a cross-over design. Importantly, the study medication was devoid of delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC). The primary outcome measure was the percentage of time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages, as as measured by a wrist-worn sleep-tracking device. Results: This CBD-terpene regimen increased both the percentage of time (11.9 +/- 1.9%; 95% CI, 8.0 to 15.8%; P < 0.0001) and the absolute time (51.8 +/- 8.9 min/night; 95% CI, 34.3 to 69.3; P < 0.0001) participants spent in SWS and REM sleep. This treatment had no effect on total sleep time (TST) and no adverse events were reported. Conclusion: These results, if confirmed in larger clinical trials, suggest that select CBD-terpene ratios that increase SWS + REM (restorative) sleep have the potential to provide a safe and efficacious alternative to commonly prescribed sleep medications.

Introduction: This study proposes to compare the use of the low pressure pneumoperitoneum/LPLC (< 9 mm Hg) with the use of standard pressure pneumoperitoneum/SPLC (14 mm Hg) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a prospective randomized manner in an attempt to lower the impact of pneumoperitoneum on human physiology. Method and Materials: The study was carried out with a sample size of 50 patients randomised into two groups, one with 25 patients-SPLC while the other group with 25 patients LPLC. To compare post-operative pain incidence of shoulder tip pain, average operation duration, need of additional analgesia post-operatively, duration of hospital stay, change in Pulse rate, SBP & DBP in both groups. Result: Incidence and intensity of post-operative pain, postoperative pain referred to the tip of the right shoulder were significantly lower in LPLC group compare with SPLC group. The average change in SBP in patients who underwent LPLC was an increase of 0.83 ± 8.66 mm Hg and in SPLC group was an increase of 0.91 ± 14.67 mm Hg. Average change in DBP in patients who underwent LPLC was increase of 1.75 ± 8.33 mm Hg and in SPLC group was an increase of 2.64 ± 8.34 mm Hg and in LPLC group was a decrease of 0.8 ± 12.01 beats per minute and in SPLC group was an increase of 1.8 ± 5.33 beats per minute. The average change in SBP, DBP & heart rate in patients who underwent LPLC & SPLC was not statistically significant. Average hospital stay for LPLC group are 1.92 days and for SPLC group its 2.48 days. Conclusion: An uncomplicated gall stone disease can be treated by low pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy with reasonable safety by an experienced surgeon. It is significantly advantageous in terms of post-operative pain, use of analgesics, less shoulder tip pain and hospital stay.

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