Based on a Citizen Science (CS) project which brings together scholars and Fridays For Future (FFF) activists, the article attempts to understand what effects the Covid-19 pandemic has on the movement in terms of communication, organization and mobilization. The methodological CS rationale is that the activists in their role as citizen scientists are better equipped to address the relevant questions and methods than traditional scholars. The paper presents findings of a national survey designed in cooperation with FFF activists on how the movement responded to the challenges posed by Covid-19. The analysis shows that FFF has been strikingly resilient to the pandemic situation given its digital backbone as an organization. Digital and physical protests were organized and the internal and external communication was kept afloat.
The Fridays for Future movement (FfF) has drawn a lot of public and academic attention in recent years. So far, studies investigated the organization, mobilization, and motives of the movement from different perspectives as well as the relevance of science for FfF. Mostly from an external point of view researchers looked at the types of science communication and its reception by the audience (i.e., framing theory). In this paper, we combine theories of science communication with the resource mobilization approach in social movement studies and thereby develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of the use of scientific knowledge by climate movements. We focus on the resource mobilization theory (RMT) and the notion of activists as alternative science communicators. RMT emphasizes the role of resources and organization to explain the success of social movements. Specifically, we regard legitimacy as a moral resource and analyze the importance of communication of climate scientific knowledge for FfF as a political movement. We argue that a climate movement like FfF relies on climate scientific knowledge which serves as a moral resource when climate activists refer to it to legitimate their claims. Empirically, we draw on a survey of more than 500 FfF activists in Germany, that was conducted as a mixed method study in 2020 and 2021. Our objective is to close a gap on the relevance of science for FfF activists from the inner perspective. Following the research question “How and why is scientific knowledge being used by FfF activists to mobilize people?” the findings indicate a rather strategic use of scientific knowledge as an end in itself within the movement. Unsurprisingly, we see that individual strategic use of scientific knowledge within the movement corresponds with the belief that FfF should include scientific knowledge in the general communication strategy of FfF. Moreover, our data show that activists overwhelmingly derive their goals from scientific knowledge and reject the idea that science could be used imprecisely just as an instrument to attain their goals. These learnings shed light on the question of whether science is used as a moral resource within climate movements like FfF.
ZusammenfassungIm Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung über Fridays for Future, die sich vornehmlich mit der Genese, Mobilisierung und dem Framing der sozialen Bewegung beschäftigt, stehen deren interne Entscheidungsprozesse im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes: Wie werden Entscheidungen in der dezentral organisierten Bewegung getroffen und welche Faktoren haben dabei besonderen Einfluss? Auf Basis eines Mehrmethodendesigns, das sich Beobachtungen, Interviews und einer Online-Umfrage bedient, kommt die Studie zu drei Ergebnissen. Erstens bewegen sich Entscheidungsdynamiken insbesondere auf Bundesebene im Spannungsfeld zwischen basisdemokratischen Grundprinzipien auf der einen und dem Primat effizienter Prozesse auf der anderen Seite. Zweitens herrschen informelle Hierarchien innerhalb der verschiedenen Ebenen vor, die sowohl positiv als auch negativ von den Mitgliedern bewertet werden. Drittens nimmt der Einfluss auf Entscheidungen zu je erfahrener, kompetenter und besser vernetzt Aktivist:innen sind. Die Implikationen der Ergebnisse für anknüpfende Forschung im Bereich der Theorien der Sozialen Bewegungen sind zweierlei. Zum einen wird deutlich, dass eine Organisation wie Fridays for Future unabhängig der dezentralen Autonomie ihrer über 500 Ortsgruppen auch nach über drei Jahren seit ihrer Gründung entscheidungs- und mobilisierungsfähig geblieben ist. Im Vergleich zu anderen sozialen Bewegungen beweist Fridays for Future hinsichtlich ihres Wirkungsradius und ihrer Mitgliederstärke somit eine erstaunliche Resilienz. Zum anderen zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass es trotz einer beachtlichen Formalisierung und Differenzierung auf Seiten der Basis durchaus Unmut über Machtasymmetrien gegenüber den Entscheidungen auf Bundesebene gibt. Die Ergebnisse fußen auf einem Citizen-Science-Projekt, das etablierte Aktivist:innen der Bewegung mit Wissenschaftler:innen zusammenbrachte. Die Kooperation ermöglichte den exklusiven Zugang zu den Entscheidungsforen der Kernmitglieder.
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