A remetalation (a capping group exchange) reaction of the boronantimony-capped iron(II) clathrochelates with zirconium and hafnium(IV) phthalocyanines in CH2Cl2/CH3OH medium afforded the hybrid phthalocyaninoclathrochelates in a practically quantitative yield. The complexes obtained have been characterized both on the basis of elemental analysis, PD mass spectrometry, IR, UV-vis, 57Fe Mössbauer, and NMR spectroscopies, and crystallographically. An encapsulated iron(II) ion in an intermediate between a trigonal-prismatic and a trigonal-antiprismatic environment of six nitrogen atoms of the macrobicyclic ligand was found to be in a low-spin state. The cyclic voltammograms show irreversible oxidation and reduction waves assignable to Fe+/Fe2+ couples of macrobicyclic fragments and to phthalocyanine macrocycles.

We present the crystal structure of pcFe(4‐methylpiperidine)2 as a first example of a low‐spin iron(II) phthalocyanine (pc) complex bis‐axially coordinated by aliphatic amines. It is shown that electronic rather than steric effects are responsible for the elongation of the Fe−N(axial) bond in pcFeL2 complexes. Using density functional theory, the electronic structures as well as Mössbauer isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings have been investigated for a large number of pcFeL2 and pcFeL1L2 complexes, in which the axial ligands have varying electronic and steric properties. The electron charge densities and electric field gradients at the iron ion were evaluated using a locally dense basis approach with Wachters’ all‐electron basis set for the iron ion, the 6‐311++G(2d) basis set for atoms directly bonded to the iron ion, the 6‐31G(d) basis set for atoms two bonds away from the iron ion, and the 3‐21G* basis set for all other atoms. A good correlation between the theoretical and experimental isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings has been observed for all the complexes tested. It has also been shown that the proposed model for the calculation of Mössbauer spectral parameters is adequate for the evaluation of the axial ligand conformation in cases of conformational flexibility in pcFeL2 complexes.

Green-emitting water-soluble amino-ketoenole dye AmyGreen is proposed as an efficient fluorescent stain for visualization of bacterial amyloids in biofilms and the detection of pathological amyloids in vitro. This dye is almost non-fluorescent in solution, displays strong green emission in the presence of amyloid fibril of proteins. AmyGreen is also weakly fluorescent in presence to biomolecules that are components of cells, extracellular matrix or medium: nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. Thus, the luminescence turn-on behavior of AmyGreen can be utilized for visualization of amyloid components of bacterial biofilm extracellular matrix. Herein we report the application of AmyGreen for fluorescent staining of a number of amyloid-contained bacteria biofilms produced by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bordetella avium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The effectiveness of AmyGreen was compared to traditional amyloid sensitive dye Thioflavine T. The main advantage of AmyGreen (concentration 10–5 M) is a higher sensitivity in the visualization of amyloid biofilm components over Thioflavine T (10–4 M) as it was revealed when staining E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacterial biofilms. Besides, AmyGreen displays lower cross-selectivity to nucleic acids as demonstrated both in in-solution experiments and upon staining of eukaryotic human mesenchymal stem cells used as amyloid-free negative control over amyloid-rich bacterial biofilms. The results point to a lower risk of false-positive response upon determination of amyloid components of bacterial biofilm using AmyGreen. Co-staining of biofilm by AmyGreen and cellulose sensitive dye Calcofluor White show difference in their staining patterns and localization, indicating separation of polysaccharide-rich and amyloid-rich regions of investigated biofilms. Thus, we suggest the new AmyGreen stain for visualization and differentiation of amyloid fibrils in bacterial biofilms to be used solely and in combination with other stains for confocal and fluorescence microscopy analysis.

The reaction with sodium cyanide of the μ-oxo-bridged complex of tetra-4-tert-butyl-substituted iron phthalocyanine (form ‘690’) and that of the product of its treatment with organic bases such as Py, Im, etc. (form ‘627’) result in the formation of the same ferrous bis-cyanide complex Na 2[ Pc t Fe II ( CN )2] which can be readily oxidized to the analogous ferric complex Na [ Pc t Fe III ( CN )2]. Form ‘690’ has been oxidized to the corresponding ferric μ-oxo complex (form ‘630’). Data for all μ-oxo-bridged complexes (chemical behavior; electronic, NMR, Mössbauer, X-ray photoelectron and ESR spectra; magnetic susceptibility) are discussed, and based on them, the following structures are proposed: ( HPc t Fe II )2 O (form ‘690’), H 2[( LPc t Fe II )2 O ] (form ‘627’) and ( Pc t Fe III )2 O (form ‘630’).

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