The work is devoted to improvement of the design theory and development on this basis of adaptive hydrostatic supports of new generation, as well as development of methods for optimal design of spindle assemblies and guides with such supports. It is established that the use of fluid friction modes in heavily loaded nodes is very relevant for heavy numerically controlled precision machine tools. Hydrostatic spindle bearings are used in heavy lathes, in which the required accuracy of rotation is not provided by rolling bearings. An adaptive system for controlling the pressure in the pockets of hydrostatic supports and the tensioning force of the positioning drive has been developed. The system makes it possible to adjust the transfer function and exclude the possibility of oscillations by rather simple means. By means of the system the accuracy and productivity of machining on metal-cutting machines of different technological purposes is significantly increased. The reliability of the supports is increased, since the throttle elements are in motion during operation, which prevents the throttle gap from becoming overgrown. Stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the lubricant layer are increased. Debugging work on setting the working pressure in the support pockets is eliminated. The mechatronic system of adaptive control of pressure in the pockets of hydrostatic spindle assembly with increased accuracy is developed. Adaptive regulators of support power supply systems with spindle position feedback have been developed. A new design of hydrostatic bearing sleeve with built-in capacitive clearance sensors is developed

The optimization of the cutting process is of great importance for metalworking in ensuring the high quality of products and increasing its competitiveness. Increasing the efficiency of metalworking is based on the designation of optimal cutting parameters. It is determined that the economic criterion is the criterion of optimality: discounted costs, prime cost and productivity. The objective functional of the discounted costs and productivity which considers feature of cutting on heavy machines is generated. The limitations of the design of the machine and tool, work material and tool material, tool life, as well as the limitations caused by the quality of the tool operation is taken into account. Optimization of cutting modes is carried out simultaneously by two variables - feed S and cutting speed V. Optimal cutting modes should provide the maximum average productivity and minimum average cost.  If several optimality criteria are used, optimization is performed for each of them. The final decision is made by comparing the obtained values. The average actual tool life is a random value. It was accepted that the durability period of carbide tools on heavy machine tools was distributed according to the Weibull law. It is established that the cutting process is characterized by a large number of interrelated factors influencing both the course and the result of the process. With increased requirements to the stability of the technological process of machining of parts, in determining the rational cutting parameters, the tool reliability is also taken into account

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