The problem of choosing a fishing vessel is considered. Statistical data from various countries are presented, confirming the increased level of professional risk for members of the crews of small vessels. A relation that relates the frequency of fatal accidents among fishermen with the displacement of fishing vessels is obtained. The necessity of increasing the level of safety of the solutions used in the design of fishing schemes, fishing equipment and fishing gears is indicated.

The design of existing fishing schemes is carried out according to prototypes, which causes a low level of safety in fishing operations, and, as a result, leads to an increase in accidents among crew members. As practice shows, such cases can be avoided already at the stage of designing a field scheme. In order to find out how changes in fishing schemes in the direction of increasing safety will affect their efficiency of use, the paper proposes to assess the safety risks of a fishing scheme, where the criterion of safety risks acts as the main criterion. To conduct such an assessment, a review was made of large-capacity stern trawlers in the amount of 5 units, with the power of trawler power plants from 882.6 kW to 5295 kW. After evaluating the safety risks of these vessels, the dependences of the safety risk factor on the power of the power plant and the power of the fishing equipment spent on operations were obtained. This analysis was carried out on the basis of a previous study on the efficiency of fishing schemes, where the main criterion was the coefficient of mechanization of fishing operations.

С учетом обстоятельств гибели морских рыболовных судов «Онега» (2020 г.) и «Дальний Восток» (2005 г.) выполнен обобщенный сравнительный анализ установленных нормативных требований к таким судам, включая применяемое промысловое оборудование, механизмы и устройства. Были изучены восемь отечественных и международных нормативных документов, содержащих отдельные технические требования к проектированию, строительству, наблюдению за постройкой рыболовных судов. Получено, что такого рода требования приводятся в самом общем виде, без какой-либо детализации. Требования из разных документов по одному и тому же параметру сравнивались по полноте и уровню обеспечения безопасности. Исследовано содержание Правил по охране труда при добыче (вылове), переработке водных биоресурсов и производстве отдельных видов продукции из водных биоресурсов, ОСТ 15.217-79 «Система стандартов безопасности труда. Суда промыслового флота. Оборудование промысловое. Требования безопасности», Правила классификации и постройки морских судов Российского морского регистра судоходства, Международные правила по безопасности рыболовных судов, Технические рекомендации по обеспечению здоровых и безопасных условий труда и обитания на промысловых судах при качке и заливаемости, Правила классификации и постройки малых рыболовных судов Российского морского регистра судоходства, Правила технического наблюдения за постройкой судов и изготовлением материалов и изделий для судов. Обоснована необходимость включения всего комплекса промыслового оборудования, механизмов, переоборудования морских рыболовных судов под технический контроль Российского морского регистра судоходства. Taking into account the circumstances of the sinking of the sea fishing vessels Onega (2020) and the Far East (2005), a generalized comparative analysis of the established regulatory requirements for such vessels, including the used fishing equipment, mechanisms and devices, was carried out. Eight national and international regulatory documents were studied, containing separate technical requirements for the design, construction, supervision of the construction of fishing vessels. It was found that such requirements are given in the most general form, without any detail. Requirements from different documents for the same parameter were compared in terms of completeness and level of security. The content of the Rules for labor protection during the extraction (catching), processing of aquatic biological resources and the production of certain types of products from aquatic biological resources, OST 15.217-79 “System of labor safety standards. Fishing fleet vessels. Fishing equipment. Safety Requirements ", Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, International Rules for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, Technical Recommendations for Ensuring Healthy and Safe Working Conditions and for Ensuring Heaving and Flooding on Fishing Vessels, Rules for the Classification and Construction of Small Fishing Vessels of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Rules for Technical Supervision over the Construction of Ships and Manufacture of Materials and Products for Ships. The necessity of including the whole complex of fishing equipment, mechanisms, re-equipment of sea fishing vessels under the technical control of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping has been substantiated.