Factors affecting the permissible limits of sludge mixture circulation rate are given for airlift reactor-clarifier with a suspended layer. The upper limit of the circulation rate is justified as a function of some geometric dimensions of the bioreactor and the hydraulic load on the clarifier to comply with conditions of a suspended layer existence. The lower limit of the circulation rate was obtained on the basis of two conditions: the duration of the active sludge stay in anoxic conditions and the observance of recommended rates in the construction in order to avoid the settling of active sludge. Theoretical and empirical dependences of the maximum permissible values of the circulation rate on the main geometric parameters and on productivity of the airlift reactor-clarifier are presented.
Рассмотрены вопросы биологической очистки городских сточных вод активным илом с культивированием фосфораккумулирующих микроорганизмов и симультанной нитри-денитрификацией. Представлены усовершенствованные схемы для биологического удаления органических загрязнений, соединений азота и фосфора на базе эрлифтных биореакторов (технология БОСЭБ). Приведены основные результаты опытно-промышленных исследований, которые подтвердили эффективность предложенной технологии при очистке городских сточных вод. Исследованы особенности работы осветлителя со взвешенным слоем активного ила, встроенного в эрлифтный биореактор. Экспериментальным путем установлено, что при работе осветлителя наличие либо отсутствие фосфораккумулирующих микроорганизмов в биоценозе активного ила не влияет на эффективность очистки по взвешенным веществам. Получены эмпирические зависимости для расчета сооружений илоразделения в самообновляющемся взвешенном слое активного ила. Установлено, что основным контролируемым параметром процесса биологической очистки является концентрация растворенного кислорода в зоне насыщения (верхняя часть эрлифтного биореактора), которая должна находиться в диапазоне 1,6–2,4 г/м3. Выполнена экономическая оценка эффективности предлагаемых решений по сравнению с очисткой на базе SBR-процесса. Приведены преимущества технологии БОСЭБ относительно распространенных в РФ и за рубежом схем улучшенного биологического удаления фосфора. The aspects of municipal wastewater biological treatment with activated sludge with the cultivation of phosphorus-accumulating microorganisms and simultaneous nitri-denitrification are considered. Improved schemes for the biological removal of organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds based on airlift bioreactors (BOSEB technology) are presented. The main results of pilot studies are submitted that acknowledge the effectiveness of the proposed technology in the treatment of municipal wastewater. The features of the operation of an activated sludge blanket type tank built into an airlift bioreactor have been studied. It has been experimentally established that during the operation of the sludge blanket tank, either the presence or absence of phosphorus-accumulating microorganisms in the activated sludge biocenosis does not affect the efficiency of removing suspended solids. Empirical dependences have been obtained for the calculation of the facilities for sludge separation in a self-renewing activated sludge blanket. It has been established that the main controlled parameter of the biological treatment process is the dissolved oxygen concentration in the saturation zone (upper part of the airlift bioreactor), which should be in the range of 1.6–2.4 g/m3. An economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed solutions was carried out in comparison with the SBR process. The advantages of the BOSEB technology are presented in relation to the schemes of enhanced biological removal of phosphorus accepted in the Russian Federation and abroad.
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