For machining of increasingly complicated geometries, the longitudinal and transverse turning operations should be performed with a single tool. Leading manufacturing companies have developed a number of constructions. The world’s largest manufacturer has recently revolutionised turning by launching roughing and finishing tools. The roughing insert can work with “high feed turning” in four different directions of movement. This tool has a unique chip forming and removal, it forms a unique machined surface. This study gives an overview of the results achieved in this area.

The tools of multi-directional machining, having appeared in the recent years, have revolutionised turning operations. The chip removal of high feed roughing and finishing inserts is so specialised, that new formulas have to be introduced instead of those used so far. In this paper, the result of tests carried out up till now will be summarised; furthermore, a proposal will be made on the description, analysis and calculation of force demand of multi-directional inserts as well as the roughness of the surface being prepared during machining.

Surface roughness and the quality of surfaces of machine elements play important role in safety and reliable operation of technical devices. Present study shows that different machining processes results dissimilar microgeometry with variety of surface parameters. Formation mechanisms of surface roughness are analysed based on turning and milling tests. It is indicated that significant changes occur in amplitude, average and shape of cut surface during wear and cutting edge degradation processes of tools. In case of milling, behind the cutting parameters and geometric data the run-out has significant effect for the roughness of milled surface.

In the last couple of years tools, that make multi-directional machining possible, have revolutionized turning operations. The chip removal of high feed roughing and finishing inserts are so special, that new formulas have to be introduced instead of the usual ones. In this article the results of the tests is summarised and a proposal is made about the force load of multi-directional insert and the description, analizes and estimation of surface roughness.

Present study shows the effects that form the significantly different microgeometry and surface roughness parameters compare to the theoretical surface in case of cutting processes with multi-blade cutting tools. Based on experimental tests the development of surface roughness is presented in case of drilling, face-and plain milling processes. It is proved that the production inaccuracy (run-out) of applied tools and the tool wear and cutting edge degradation in cutting processes causes amplitude, average and form deviation on machined microgeometry during the surface formation. It is pointed that the run-out of tool holder shaft-beside the cutting parameters and geometry-also plays significant role in formation of surface roughness.