Background Identifying the reasons for the Emergency Department (ED) visit of patients with cancer would be essential for possibly decreasing the burden of ED use. The aim of our study was to analyze the distribution of the demographic and clinical parameters of patients with cancer based on the reasons for the ED visits and to identify possible predictive factors for their visits. Methods This retrospective study, carried out at a large, public tertiary hospital in Hungary, involved all patients 18 years or over, who had received a cancer diagnosis latest within five years of their visit to the ED in 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected partly via automated data collection and partly through the manual chart review by a team of experts, including six emergency physicians and an oncologist. Five main reasons for the ED visit were hypothesized, pilot-tested, then identified, including those with cancer-related ED visits (whose visit was unambiguously related to their cancer illness) and those with non-cancer-related ED visits (whose visit to the ED was in no way associated with their cancer illness.) A descriptive approach was used for data analysis and binary logistic regression was used to determine predictive factors for patients with cancer visiting the ED. Results 23.2% of the altogether 2383 ED visits were directly cancer-related, and these patients had a significantly worse overall survival than patients with non-cancer related ED visits. Age 65 or below (Odds Ratio: 1.51), presence of two more comorbidities (OR: 7.14), dyspnea as chief complaint (OR: 1.52), respiratory cancer (OR: 3.37), any prior chemotherapy (OR: 1.8), any prior immune/biological treatment (OR: 2.21), any prior Best Supportive Care/palliative care (OR: 19.06), or any prior hospice care (OR: 9.43), and hospitalization (OR:2.88) were independent risk factors for the ED visit to be cancer-related. Conclusions Our study is the first to identify independent predictive factors of ED use by patients with cancer based on the chief cause of their visit in the Central and Eastern European region. These results may provide important information for the development of algorithms intended to identify the needs of care of patients with cancer at the ED.

Background West Nile virus (WNV) infections have become increasingly prevalent in certain European countries, including Hungary. Although most human infections do not cause severe symptoms, in approximately 1% of cases WNV infections can lead to severe WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) and death. The goal of our study was to assess the neurological status changes of WNV –infected patients admitted to inpatient care and to identify potential risk factors as underlying reasons for severe neurological outcome. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 66 WNV-infected patients from four Hungarian medical centers. Patients’ neurological status at hospital admission and at two follow-up intervals (1st follow-up, within 60–90 days and 2nd follow-up, within 150–180 days, after hospital discharge) were assessed. All of the 66 patients in the initial sample had some type of neurological symptoms and 56 patients were diagnosed with WNND. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the West Nile Virus Neurological Index (WNV-N Index), a scoring system designed for the purpose of this study, were used for neurological status assessment. Patients were dichotomized into two categories, “moderately severe” and “severe” based on their neurological status. Descriptive analysis for sample description, stratified analysis for calculation of odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression for continuous input variables, were performed. Results The average number of days between the onset of neurological symptoms and hospital admission (the neurological symptom interval) was 6.01 days. Complications during the hospital stay arose in almost a fifth of the patients (18.2%) and 5 patients died. Each day’s increase in the neurological symptom interval significantly increased the risk for developing a severe neurological status following hospital admission (0.799-fold and 0.688-fold, based on the WNV-N Index and mRS, respectively). Patients’ age, comorbidity, presence of complications and symptoms of malaise, and gait uncertainty were shown to be independent risk factors for severe neurological status. Conclusions Timely hospital admission of patients with neurological symptoms as well as risk assessment by clinicians - possibly with an optimal assessment tool for estimating neurological status- could improve the neurological outcome of WNV-infected patients.

Bevezetés: Magyarországon az elmúlt években húsznál több új sürgősségi osztályt adtak át. A betegforgalmi adatok, betegségek, indikátorok ismeretének hiánya számtalan logisztikai, szervezési problémát vethet fel. Célkitűzés: A sürgősségi betegellátás adatainak elemzése és rendelkezésre bocsátása a hatékony működtetés elősegítésére. Módszer: A Somogy Megyei Kaposi Mór Oktató Kórház multidiszciplináris Sürgősségi Betegellátó Centrumának hároméves betegforgalmi (n = 106 203), epidemiológiai, triázs és a betegségek nemzetközi klasszifikációjának adatait elemeztük. Eredmények: A betegek 73%-a 24 órán belül otthonába bocsátható volt. Hospitalizációt (21%) döntően belgyógyá-szati, gyermekgyógyászati, valamint idegrendszeri betegségek indikáltak. A kritikus állapotú betegek aránya kicsi (<2%). Jellegzetes napszaki, heti és szezonális ingadozások figyelhetők meg. A betegforgalom domináns részét a sé-rülések, mérgezések adták (40%). Az állapotstabilizálás eredményességét igazolja a kis (0,3%) halálozási ráta. Következtetések: A szerzők eredményei megerősítik, hogy a vizsgált sürgősségi ellátás betegbiztonsági értéke nagy és mentesítheti a kórházi osztályokat az indokolatlan betegfelvétel alól. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(21): 811-822. Kulcsszavak: sürgősségi ellátás, triage (triázs), BNO, epidemiológia, szezonalitás Patient turnover in a multidisciplinary emergency departmentIntroduction: More than twenty emergency departments were opened across Hungary in the past years. Data deficiency on patient flow, trends and lack of knowledge of indicators could raise numerous logistical and organisational problems. Aim: Collection, analysis and provision of data to facilitate successful operations of emergency medical care services. Method: During a three-year period investigated, at the multidisciplinary Emergency Department of "Moritz Kaposi" Teaching Hospital, data on patient flow (n = 106,203), epidemiology, triage and international classification of diseases were analysed. Results: Analysis showed 73% of patients were suitable for medical discharge within 24 hours. Predominantly internal medicine, paediatric and neurological diseases indicated hospitalisation (21%). Patients in critical condition were found to be low (<2%). Distinct diurnal, weekly, monthly variations were found. Majority of cases were injuries and intoxications (40%). Low mortality rate (0.3%) validates the effectiveness of stabilisation. Conclusions: The patient safety value of the examined emergency medical care is great, and could exempt the hospital wards from unjustified hospitalisations of the patients.

ObjectivesTo identify predictive factors of multiple emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalisation and potentially preventable ED visits made by patients with cancer in a Hungarian tertiary care centre.DesignObservational, retrospective study.SettingA large, public tertiary hospital, in Somogy County, Hungary, with a level 3 emergency and trauma centre and a dedicated cancer centre.ParticipantsPatients above 18 years with a cancer diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes of C0000–C9670) who visited the ED in 2018, who had received their diagnosis of cancer within 5 years of their first ED visit in 2018 or received their diagnosis of cancer latest within the study year. Cases diagnosed with cancer at the ED (new cancer diagnosis-related ED visits) were also included, constituting 7.9% of visits.Primary outcome measuresDemographic and clinical characteristics were collected and the predictors of multiple (≥2) ED visits within the study year, admission to inpatient care following the ED visit (hospitalisation), potentially preventable ED visits and death within 36 months were determined.Results2383 ED visits made by 1512 patients with cancer were registered. Predictive factors of multiple (≥2) ED visits were residing in a nursing home (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.88 to 5.07) and prior hospice care (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.31). Predictive factors for hospitalisation following an ED visit included a new cancer diagnosis-related visit (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.66) and complaint of dyspnoea (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.12).ConclusionsBeing a resident of a nursing home and receiving prior hospice care significantly increased the odds of multiple ED visits, while new cancer-related ED visits independently increased the odds of hospitalisation of patients with cancer. This is the first study to report these associations from a Central-Eastern European country. Our study may shed light on the specific challenges of EDs in general and particularly faced by countries in the region.

Introduction: According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the prevalence of neuroinvasive symptoms caused by the West Nile virus (WNV) has significantly increased in the past years throughout Europe, including Hungary. The rise may be attributed to changes in precipitation and climate. The WNV zoonosis is spread by mosquitoes. It is mostly asymptomatic, flu-like symptoms occur in 20% of the cases and in less than 1% a neuroinvasive disease with a lethal outcome may develop. Aim: Our aim was to demonstrate the neuroinvasive symptomatology and the diagnosis and treatment of WNV infections by describing our patient cases as well as to resolve differential diagnostic dilemmas. Method: We report the cases of 4 patients treated at the “Moritz Kaposi” Somogy County Hospital between the 31st July and 4th September, 2018, with WNV, whose diagnoses were confirmed by serological and molecular biological methods. An epidemiological overview of WNV infections was also given. Results: Four patients were confirmed to have had WNV infection in the given time period. A wide range of neurological symptoms were observed in each patient and death occurred in one case. The patients were elderly with a number of comorbidities. Conclusions: The appearance of more severe, neuroinvasive symptoms following WNV infections is also characteristic of Hungary. The treatment of the infection is supportive, including giving pain relievers and the management of secondary infections. It is important to consider the possibility of a WNV infection in the case of a neurological disease of unknown origin, particularly if the symptoms indicate encephalitis. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(51): 2026–2035.