Type 1 and 2 diabetes are associated with deteriorated bone remodeling due to microangiopathy and acidosis, as well as non-fermentative glycosylation of bone proteins re-sulting in the apoptosis of osteocytes. Another complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic arthropathy which is common among patients suffering from 1 type diabetes. Degenerative processes in periodontal tissue can be associated with diabetes mellitus and reduce the strength of the tooth joints. The result of insulin deficiency is a reduction in collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase, as well as hypocalcemia — these states also lead to bone resorption. Considering the effect of the combination of the processes which take place in the bone tissue, it should be taken into account that the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws are dif-ferent from the rest of the skeleton by accelerated metabolism. This specificity makes it nec-essary to investigate changes in the optical density of teeth and alveolar processes of the lower jaw among patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of research is to determine peculiarities of the optical density of bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaw using dental computed tomography in patients with diabetes mellitus. Article describes the analysis of the optical density of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the lower jaws. Dental computed tomography allows quantitative and qualitative measure-ment of bone tissue density of the jaw and is an effective method for assessing the state of bone tissue in diabetes mellitus. It was shown that the structure and density of bone tissue de-pends on the severity of diabetes, the presence of complications. Marked decrease in the opti-cal density of bone tissue in the neck of the teeth in individuals with diabetes was noted, less pronounced changes were observed in the middle third of the roots of the teeth. And slight changes or even an increase in optical density were observed in the region of the apices of the teeth. Diagnosis of bone destruction of the upper and lower jaws in diabetes mellitus is most in-formative using dental computed tomography.

Currently, there are two dental approaches to the oral rehabilitation of elderly patients before implant prosthetics. One of them is conservative, based on a purely sparing approach, inspired by the classical dental prosthetics canons with commonplace replacement structures, the other is radical, empirically confirmed by unfavourable long–term prosthetic results, taking into account chronic diffuse periodontitis being a relative contraindication for implantation due to the abundance of periodontogenic and anaerobic flora in the oral cavity and in the periapical foci, as well as – polymorbidity of the elderly. This increases the risk of mucositis, peri-implantitis, leading to failure of implants, replacement of prostheses within warranty periods, and repeated prosthetics. The purpose of this work was to create a measuring instrument for a target preliminary choice of an alternative from two available approaches to oral health improvement in elderly patients before implant prosthetics. The object of the study was 10 expert software programs for assessing the quality of various dental and jaw prosthesis designs, including extended implant restorations with a few artificial supports. The methods and criteria used in these systems were studied. A portable computer program has been created that allows making a target choice between conservative, radical and moderately radical approaches to preparing the oral cavity of elderly patients for immediate implant prosthetics.The program is used to assess the morphofunctional state of those teeth whose prognosis is doubtful, and the indications for extraction are not absolute. The program implements a scoring system for evaluating the answers received according to a questionnaire of 20 criteria with the possibility of automatic summation and the issuance of a final conclusion.