According to human capital theory the higher education is considered as an investment decision. In order to be beneficial from economic point of view and in comparison with other investment opportunities, investment in education should give a higher rate of return on investment. Knowledge about the return on investment can help to make competent decisions, which would have an economic benefit in the future. Evaluating the investment in human capital (education) as an individual decision, since the vast majority of individuals for gained education should pay themselves and only a part of the price shall be covered by the state, the rate of return on investment becomes an increasingly important evaluation criterion. Making an investment decision it is very important to allocate resources properly. For the individual the costs of this investment include poor wages and direct costs. It can be assumed that individuals with higher education will be paid more than the others without education. Thus, the investment in higher education (human capital) is useful as long as there is a positive difference between marginal benefit and marginal costs. Higher education is a guarantee of a higher life quality. But, in order to ensure the higher life quality, such main factors as individual skills and labour productivity should be eximined. Investment in human and physical capital doesn't only promote the growth of labour market. The investment such as lower inflation rates and freer trade (lower limits) also stimulates the economic growth. The ability to absorb easily technological change increases labour productivity and efficiency. Education, lifelong learning and health are very important investment in human capital. The foreign scientists performed researches and proved that income growth of individuals depends on the level or degree of education the individual has gained. Rate of return on investment in human capital is positive even after direct and indirect costs estimation. The individuals with higher education have higher incomes in comparison with individuals with college education. Education is one of the most important development factors of the modern knowledge based economy. However, educational and scientific development requires the long-term and huge investment. This investment also should be assessed from the social aspect. On the one hand investment in human capital should be stimulated; on the other aspect it should assess their effectiveness. As the investment in human capital is a complex problem from both practical and scientific aspect, so the practice of such evaluation and applied methods do not give an unambiguous answer. It is very important to evaluate the effectiveness of this investment, to estimate the detention of the time, the money flows: incomes (revenues) and outcomes (expenditures).Keywords: human capital, investment in human capital, rate of return on investment, internal rate of return (IRR), shortperiod return on revenue.
Human resources (employees) are becoming an increasingly significant warrant ensuring efficiency of the organization's activities. Institutions executing audit functions do not differ from other organizations with respect to human resources as means of ensuring the efficiency of their activities. Properly selected and trained human resources, with their respective competences and education, are the source of the organization's competitive advantages; as it is the organization's employees who are involved in the formation, implementation, management and control of the organization's strategies. The main Lithuanian audit market problems are identified in the article; analysed human resource structure and qualification.The investigation and analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of the assessment of human resources included application of the systemic and comparative analysis of concepts, methodologies and conclusions announced in research literature, logical generation of conclusions.The assessment of human resources should be conducted in each organization, aiming to ensure a successful functioning of the organization. The investigation results could serve as the basis for the improvement of human resources within institutions executing audit functions.
History of human development confirms the close relationship between education and economic development. Successful economic development is increasingly dependent on the investment in higher education. Examining the education and professional training, the researchers focused on three key issues: the economic value of education and professional training in individual enterprises analysis; higher education and the revenue relationship structure analysis; and preparation of the optimal strategy for human resources development.Investment in higher education efficiency is dependent on external and internal factors. Internal effects -individual competencies, skills, and everything depending on the individual; external -environment for the investment process. External effects are treated as social or public benefits.The country's investment in human resources is measured by the share of the national product used for the education and science. In order to determine the economic efficiency of the investment in higher education, it is necessary to compare the expenditures (costs) and results (benefits).The goal of the article is to evaluate the investment in higher education from the point of view of the State. The object of the article is the investment in higher education. The article uses evaluation methods of statistical processing. The method selection was determined by data accessibility.For evaluation of investment in higher education from the point of view of the State, the analysis used the short-term return rate and the "brain drain" methods. The estimated State investment's in higher education short-term rate of return (ROR) has shown that RORstate (university education)> RORstate (college education) (15.55%> 3.96%). This suggests that it is more beneficial for the State to subsidize university education than college education. The greatest negative impact on the process of State investment in higher education is caused by the "brain drain". This impact is evaluated taking into consideration the following indicators: the amount of State spending per student in higher education level; overall number of First Degree (BA) and college graduates; and the number of individuals with higher education degree who have emigrated.The analysis of the positive and negative effects of investments in higher education and their impact on the state, concludes that primarily responsible for the studies must be the individual (the investor), and the State has to only cooperate. To ensure the accessibility of studies, socially disadvantaged students should be funded. In order to make education accessible to everyone, student loan funding system should be functional.
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