In the context of transformation of the higher education landscape by Knowledge Society imperatives, there is an increase in academics' external engagement, especially in the fields of hard sciences. This trend is noticeable in various European countries with different higher education models, but rather limited knowledge in understanding the generational influence on external engagement of academics exists, taking into account the broad range of external engagement activities. The aim of this paper is to examine generational differences by conducting cross-country analyses (N = 976) across different European countries and higher education models. The findings show that there is a trend towards academics' engagement in spin-off/start-up creation in Finland, volunteer-based activities in Slovenia, teaching-related activities in Portugal and consultancy activities in Lithuania and in additional also is evidence for generational differences in academics' external engagement. The logistic regression shows positive relationship between consolidate generation academics and patenting/licensing activities, younger generation and spin-off/start-up creation as well as intermediate generation and giving public lectures/speeches and producing publications for broader society. Higher Education Policy (2020).

Data on ollut viimeiset vuosikymmenet tieteen, tutkimuksen, opetuksen ja niihin liittyvien tukipalveluiden haaste. Tällä saralla palveluita tuottavat muun muassa kirjastot sekä tietotekniikan ja tutkimushallinnon yksiköt.

In this paper, we discuss motivations for internationalisation and the rationalities of higher education institutions based on the APIKS survey. There are two higher education sectors in Finland. Universities of applied sciences emphasise teaching and have a close connection with regional research, development, and the innovation system. Universities emphasise research and academic competition for research resources, as well as teaching based on research. Therefore, the conditions for internationalisation in these two higher education sectors are based on different sets of factors. There are also significant differences between individual institutions within both sectors. Individuals’ career paths depend on factors related to higher education sectors and institutional strategies. International academic activities determine the factors on which career paths are built in these two higher education sectors. Both pathways lead to internationalising institutions but in different ways.

IT architecture and life cycle management is essential when cost-efficient solutions are developed for research data management. The IT center of the University of Helsinki (UH) has an ongoing project to find suitable services for varying needs to handle research data and offer services to researchers with storage needs. Several findings and suggestions have been made during the project.

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