In this paper, we examine simultaneous relationship between leverage, maturity and over(under)- investment in emerging markets. We divide leverage into short term and long term to investigate the relation between current and future simultaneous relationship between leverage and investment decision, between debt maturity and investment decision, and between leverage and debt maturity. This research used twenty emerging market data from 2006 – 2016. First of all, our results show that firms in emerging markets prefer to use short-term debt to long-term debt to minimize the underinvestment problem. Second, there is a simultaneous non-linear relation between long-term leverage and growth opportunities in emerging markets firms. Third, long-term debt has non-linear effects on investment decision in emerging markets firms. It can be concluded that firms in emerging markets have different characteristics with regard to their capabilities to manage the interaction between leverage, maturity and investment compared to developed markets.

Saham Bank BCA (BBCA) terus mengalami penguatan pada periode Oktober 2019. Hal ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti karena performa dari saham BBCA sering menjadi yang terbaik pada industri perbankan. Penelitian ini memiliki keunikan tersendiri karena peneliti berusaha untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume transaksi dari Bank BBCA tersebut dengan menggunakan metode ARCH.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ekspestasi volume transaksi BBCA dipengaruhi oleh performa IHSG saat ini dan CCI (Consumer Confidence Index.)

This study analyzes the factors responsible for the lower net interest rate at commercial banks located in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Data were collected from 35, 10 and 13 commercial banks in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, respectively, from 2012 to 2020 using the Fixed effect model. The Simultaneous Equation Model was used to analyze the macroeconomic factors and banks’ specific characteristics towards Loan and Time Deposit rates. The result showed that macroeconomic factors, such as the inflation rate, significantly affect loan and time deposit rates in these countries. In Indonesia, bank competition should be reduced and banks’ stability should be higher to minimize Net Interest Margin Spread (difference between Loan Rate and Deposit Rate). In the Philippines, banks should increase their capital and liquidity. So, they will be more confident and prudent in lowering their NIM. Thailand’s banking industry has unique characteristics with high monopoly power. The bigger and greater the market share, the larger the interest rate spread on customers. Therefore, regulators in each country need to consider these important variables when making decisions on lowering the net interest rates by banks to enhance social welfare.

Abstract- This research wants to investigate the effect of financial knowledge, basic individual traits and compound traits towards intention to invest of pre-retirees with the intervening variable of financial self-efficacy. Older pre-retirees have unique psychological and economic position, as they experience their highest level of lifetime earnings while nearing the end of their financial life cycle. Older pre-retirees must find ways to self-regulate their financial environment. One way to deal with this is through the investment scheme. We use modified model to know the factors that affect intention to invest based on their knowledge and personality, with financial self-efficacy as the intervening variable. We involved 160 respondents of 45 years old and older. The result showed that all the hypothesis is rejected except financial knowledge which is positively associated with intention to invest. This result presents that pre-retirees in Indonesia who have good financial knowledge will have intention to invest in financial products. Keywords: Pre-retirees, intention to invest, financial self-efficacy

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