Background: Nanotechnology is gaining significant attention worldwide for cancer treatment. Nanobiotechnology encourages the combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, which is a vital component of a customized way to deal with the malignancy. Nanoparticles are being used as Nanomedicine which participates in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer. The unique characteristic of Nanomedicine i.e. their high surface to volume ratio enables them to tie, absorb, and convey small biomolecule like DNA, RNA, drugs, proteins, and other molecules to targeted site and thus enhances the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Objective: The objective of the present article is to provide an insight of several aspect of nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics such as various nanomaterials as drug vehicle, drug release strategies and role of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. Methods: We performed an extensive search on bibliographic database for research article on nanotechnology and cancer therapeutics and further compiled the necessary information from various articles into the present article. Results: Cancer nanotechnology confers a unique technology against cancer through early diagnosis, prevention, personalized therapy by utilizing nanoparticles and quantum dots.Nano-biotechnology plays an important role in the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, gold nanowires etc. have been developed as a carrier of biomolecules that can detect cancer biomarkers. Nanoparticle assisted cancer detection and monitoring involves biomolecules like proteins, antibody fragments, DNA fragments, and RNA fragments as the base of cancer biomarkers. Conclusion: This review highlights various approaches of cancer nanotechnology in the advancement of cancer therapy.

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Benzimidazole structure contains imidazole ring fused with phenyl ring at 4-and 5-position. The mono and disubstituted derivatives of benzimidazole are very interesting heterocyclic organic molecules, synthesized by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction and condensation method between ophenylenediamine with carbonyl compound under different conditions are reported, and as time passed away, the method also be reported in favor of the environment-friendly with good yield product. We cover the literature up to the end of 2019 in which very recently reported synthetic route to access benzimidazole scaffolds are discussed. We are focus on the evaluation of synthetic route to construct monosubstituted-benzimidazole (MSBs) and disubstituted-benzimidazoles (DSBs), via various methods involving condensation, cyclization or employing green chemistry aspect such as utilizing solventfree conditions, metal-free conditions, or using nanoparticle catalyst etc. Benzimidazoles found in the natural system display a wide range of pharmaceutical properties have been reported. The scaffolds are characterized as structurally potential ligands which can bind to different receptor sites for the discovery of various immerging drugs. Therefore, benzimidazole is recognized as a potent scaffold in the pharmaceutical industry and diverse synthetic pathways have been developed to prepare its functionalized derivatives which are described in this review.

Purpose Coracoclavicular joint (CCJ) is a rare anomalous joint occasionally found between the coracoid process of scapula and the conoid tubercle of clavicle. The articulation has been extensively studied by means of anatomical, osteological and radiological investigations. Most cases are discovered incidentally, with the symptomatic variety remaining an exceptional rarity. Our aim was to review all reported symptomatic CCJ to increase the level of evidence and formulate a treatment algorithm to aid clinicians in management planning. Methods A thorough literature search was performed, and data from 17 (n=17) symptomatic cases of CCJ were analysed.

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