No abstract

BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include three major subgroups—polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)—which are characterized by aberrant hematopoietic proliferation with an increased risk of leukemic transformation. Besides the driver mutations, which are JAK2, CALR, and MPL, more than twenty additional mutations have been identified through the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), which can be involved with pathways that regulate epigenetic modifications, RNA splicing, or DNA repair. The aim of this short review is to highlight the impact of molecular biology on the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of patients with PV, ET, and PMF.

No abstract

Introduction Dominant‐negative effects have been described for 10 F11 variants in the literature. Aim The current study aimed at identifying putative dominant‐negative F11 variants. Material and methods This research consisted in a retrospective analysis of routine laboratory data. Results In a series of 170 patients with moderate/mild factor XI (FXI) deficiencies, we identified heterozygous carriers of previously reported dominant‐negative variants (p.Ser243Phe, p.Cys416Tyr, and p.Gly418Val) with FXI activities inconsistent with a dominant‐negative effect. Our findings also do not support a dominant‐negative effect of p.Gly418Ala. We also identified a set of patients carrying heterozygous variants, among which five out of 11 are novel, with FXI activities suggesting a dominant‐negative effect (p.His53Tyr, p.Cys110Gly, p.Cys140Tyr, p.Glu245Lys, p.Trp246Cys, p.Glu315Lys, p.Ile421Thr, p.Trp425Cys, p.Glu565Lys, p.Thr593Met, and p.Trp617Ter). However, for all but two of these variants, individuals with close to half normal FXI coagulant activity (FXI:C) were identified, indicating an inconstant dominant effect. Conclusion Our data show that for some F11 variants recognized has having dominant‐negative effects, such effects actually do not occur in many individuals. The present data suggest that for these patients, the intracellular quality control mechanisms eliminate the variant monomeric polypeptide before homodimer assembly, thereby allowing only the wild‐type homodimer to assemble and resulting in half normal activities. In contrast, in patients with markedly decreased activities, some mutant polypeptides might escape this first quality control. In turn, assembly of heterodimeric molecules as well as mutant homodimers would result in activities closer to 1:4 of FXI:C normal range.