Desa Umbulrejo, Ponjong, Gunungkidul memiliki bentuk lahan karst dan non-karst dengan beberapa sumber air diantaranya mata air, sungai, dan sumur yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik warga. Adanya ponor dan diaklas (rekahan) pada bentuk lahan karst di desa ini dapat menjadi pintu masuk polutan dari permukaan menuju air bawah permukaan. Hal ini menyebabkan sumber air pada bentuk lahan karst rentan terhadap pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui zonasi tingkat kerentanan air tanah dengan menggunakan dua metode penilaian yaitu metode COP (Concentration of Flow, Overlaying Layers, Precipitation) dan APLIS (Altitude, Slope, Lithology, Infiltration, Soil) serta untuk menganalisis kualitas sumber air pada tiap zonasi kerentanan yang dihasilkan dari kedua metode tersebut. Zonasi kerentanan air tanah dengan metode COP di daerah penelitian menghasilkan 4 kelas kerentanan yaitu rendah, sedang, tinggi dan sangat tinggi sedangkan dengan metode APLIS, zonasi kerentanan menghasilkan kelas rendah dan sedang. Daerah dengan zona kerentanan air tanah kelas sedang, tinggi dan sangat tinggi terletak pada bentuk lahan batugamping. Berdasarkan hasil laboratorium kualitas air, parameter kekeruhan, TSS, TDS, DO, dan kesadahan sesuai baku mutu, sedangkan COD tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu. Tingginya konsentrasi COD menunjukan adanya pencemaran air tanah oleh aktivitas manusia terutama yang berada didaerah pada bentuk lahan karst. Parameter kesadahan memiliki nilai yang representatif terhadap tingkat zonasi kerentanan air tanah. Semakin tinggi tingkat kerentanan air tanah, ditunjukkan pula dengan semakin tingginya konsentrasi kesadahan air tanahnya. Kesadahan disebabkan oleh proses alami pelarutan batugamping yang ada didaerah penelitian.
Sidoarum Village, Godean District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta become one of the developing areas for getting influenced by Yogyakarta City center which is only 8 kilometers away. Population growth has occurred from 2010 to 2019 which has led to land use changes from agricultural areas to residential areas. Land use change, population growth, incorrect space using, excessive use of fertilizers, agricultural activities, and industrial waste disposal affects the groundwater quality resources, especially nitrate (NO3) compound. This research was aimed to determine the distribution of groundwater quality based on nitrate parameters and to analyze the relationship between land use changing and nitrate concentrations in groundwater. This mixed-method research used to survey and mapping methods to collect the data. The analysis was conducted by laboratory tests and spatial analysis method using Arc GIS software. The sampling of groundwater was carried out by purposive sampling method based on differences in land use. The results indicated that most of the groundwater in Sidoarum Village has been contaminated by nitrate due to activity in agricultural areas like intense fertilizer application and farming in household-scale in densely populated areas, especially with the bad sanitation system. The distribution of nitrate contaminated groundwater was correlated to the types of land use. The monitoring of land use change is needed especially from the agricultural areas to residential areas due to excessive population growth.
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