Fleabane (Conyza spp.) is an important weed in grain production systems and is currently one of the most problematic weeds in Brazil. An important factor related to weeds such as fleabane is the characteristic of herbicide-resistant biotypes developed under selection pressure, with multiple resistance previously detected for Conyza spp. Thus, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the multiple resistance of Conyza sumatrensis to the herbicides paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron. From the F2 seeds of biotypes with suspected resistance to paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron, dose-response greenhouse experiments were conducted for the three herbicides. Herbicides were applied when the plants had 6-8 leaves that were at a height of 8 cm. At the end of the evaluations, 28 days after application, multiple resistance to paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron was observed, with resistance factors (RF50) for the control of 7.43, 3.58, and 14.35 and for the reduction of dry mass of 2.65, 2.79, and 11.31, respectively. All the established criteria for demonstrating new cases of weed resistance were met; thus, the first case worldwide of a Conyza species with resistance to herbicides with three different mechanisms of action was confirmed.

In Brazil, some populations of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis are glyphosate resistant and there are populations of C. sumatrensis (Sumatran fleabane) presenting multiple resistance to both glyphosate and chlorimuron. During the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons, growers reported failures to control Sumatran fleabane with paraquat. This study investigated the potential of paraquat resistant Sumatran fleabane populations in Paraná state, Brazil. Populations with suspected paraquat resistance were tested in the field in 2016 season. In 2017, seeds from these populations were collected, sown and grown in a greenhouse. Paraquat doseresponse curve experiments were performed in Mogi Mirim, SP; Londrina, PR and Palotina, PR using doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 g ha -1 , following all standard criteria for confirmation of weed resistance cases. Percentage control was assessed at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application and data were fitted to a nonlinear, log-logistic model, and dose response curves were generated. The results of this study confirmed significant levels of resistance of Sumatran fleabane biotypes to paraquat with resistance factors between 3,57 to 34,29. Therefore, the first case of C. sumatrensis resistance to paraquat was confirmed in biotypes from the western area of Paraná state, Brazil.Keywords: control, dose-response, PSI inhibitor. RESUMO -No Brasil,Conyza bonariensis e C. canadensis apresentam biótipos resistentes a glyphosate e C. sumatrensis apresenta resistência múltipla a glyphosate e chlorimuron. Durante as safras de 2014/2015 e 2015/2016 foram relatadas falhas no controle de buva submetida à aplicação de paraquat. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a possibilidade da resistência ao paraquat em populações de C. sumatrensis. Populações com suspeita de resistência foram testadas em campo na entressafra de 2016, sendo depois coletadas sementes e plantas durante a safra de 2017, que foram posteriormente, estudadas em casa de vegetação. Experimentos com curva de dose-resposta foram instalados em SP, utilizando doses de 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, . Foi avaliada a porcentagem de controle aos 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação e utilizado um modelo não linear log-logístico para o ajuste da curva de doseresposta. Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo, foi confirmada a hipótese inicial do primeiro caso de resistência da buva ao paraquat na região oeste do Estado do Paraná, com fator de resistência variando entre 3,57 e 34,29, seguindo todos os critérios para a confirmação da resistência.Palavras-chave: controle, dose-resposta, inibidor do fotossistema I.

-Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar CooDeteC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. the variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. the herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. the herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. there was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.Index terms: chemical desiccation, management, germination, vigor, seedlings.Produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes de trigo após dessecação com diferentes herbicidas RESUMO -Algumas técnicas de manejo da cultura do trigo, como a dessecação pré-colheita podem afetar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes herbicidas dessecantes aplicados na cultura do trigo e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150), em dois ambientes de produção localizados no Município de Palotina -PR, sob o delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, constituído de 7 tratamentos (herbicidas na dessecação) com 4 repetições. A dessecação foi realizada quando 50% das plantas apresentavam-se no estádio 80 com as sementes de consistência farinácea ou de massa. As variáveis analisadas foram umidade após a colheita, produtividade de sementes, peso hectolitro, massa de 100 sementes, germinação e vigor. Os herbicidas carfentrazoneethyl e clethodim reduziram o vigor das sementes produzidas, e o herbicida paraquat reduziu o comprimento de plântulas. ocorreu redução na massa de 100 sementes para o amônio -glufosinate, clethodim, diquat e carfentrazone-ethyl. O amônio -glufosinate, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim e diquat reduziram a produtividade. A dessecação de plantas da cultivar CD 150 no estádio 80 não é recomendada, em decorrências dos efeitos negativos dos herbicidas nos parâmetros produtivos e fisiológicos das sementes de trigo.Termos para indexação: dessecação química, manejo, germinação, vigor, plântulas.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron, aplicados em soja RR/STS. O experimento I constituiu-se da aplicação de doses (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g i. a. ha-1) de chlorimuron-ethyl. Para o experimento II foram aplicadas doses (0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4 e 7,2 g i. a. ha-1) de metsulfuron-methyl. Para o experimento III foram aplicadas doses (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 g i. a. ha-1) de nicosulfuron. Foi empregado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas: altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta, clorofila A, B e total, condutividade, vigor e germinação das sementes, produtividade e massa de mil sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. De maneira geral, as variáveis analisadas não sofreram influência pela aplicação dos herbicidas. O cultivar de soja CD 250 RR/STS apresentou-se tolerante aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron.

Dicamba is a herbicide with a moderate volatility profile. Such volatility behavior can be significantly diminished with formulation technology and volatilization reducers. The objective of this study was to quantify the volatility potential of dicamba diglycolamine salt (DGA) in a standalone application or in tank mixture with glyphosate (potassium salt) (GK), with and without volatilization reducer (acetic acid—VaporGrip®) from different surfaces. The combination of these products was applied on four different surfaces (glass slides, corn straw, and dry and moist sandy soil) with three replications, and the experiment was duplicated. The application was performed indoors with an automated sprayer. After application, targets were positioned in cartridges containing two filters in series. Cartridges were placed in a vapor collection system that consisted of a chromatographic oven with constant temperature of 40 °C attached to a vacuum pump for 24 h. After this period, liquid samples were obtained from an extraction procedure of filters and surfaces, which corresponded to the volatilized and deposited portions of the herbicides, respectively. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The use of this method provided a rapid and consistent evaluation, in which the treated surface exerts a direct influence on the amount of volatilized dicamba. The mixture of dicamba and glyphosate solutions exhibited different volatility profiles as a function of the treated surfaces. The DGA applied alone had the largest level of volatility when applied on moist soil and the lowest level of volatility in dry soil and straw. The DGA with GK had volatilities similar in dry soil, wet soil and straw. The volatility reducer in the tank mixture was effective in reducing DGA dicamba volatilization, regardless of the sprayed surface and the tank mixture, making the application of dicamba safer from the volatilization standpoint.