Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos uma introdução à evolução do Universo predita pela equação de Friedmann, a qual leva em consideração a composição e geometria do Universo. A dependência da solução da equação de Friedmann na geometria é analisada, assim como a sua solução para diferentes combinações para os constituintes básicos que formam o Universo. Os distintos comportamentos possíveis da evolução temporal do Universo são determinados e o cenário predito pela Cosmologia Padrão é apresentado.
A QCD phase transition is predicted to occur during the early stages of the dynamical evolution of the Universe, with the order and the observational implications of this phase transition being themes of debate. In this contribution we investigate the impact on the cosmological parameters of different treatments for the phase transition and distinct models for the equations of states (EoSs) of the partonic and hadronic phases. In particular, we consider that the phase transition can be of first order or a crossover and estimate the Hubble, deceleration and jerk parameters. Our results demonstrate that these parameters are sensitive to the modelling of the QCD phase transition.
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