In patients with HF, obstructive and central respiratory events have opposite hemodynamic effects: whereas obstructive sleep apnea appears to have an adverse effect on SV, central sleep apnea appears to have little or slightly positive effects on SV. These observations may have implications for therapeutic approaches to these two breathing disturbances.

Severity grading of AC is not the sole determinant of early LC. Patient comorbidity also impacts clinical decision. Confirmation in a larger cohort is warranted.

No abstract