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Obesity levels worldwide are reaching epidemic proportions with resultant strain on healthcare systems and individual wellbeing. To date, bariatric surgery is the management option that produces the greatest degree of weight loss which can be maintained in the long term along with a reduction in obesity-associated comorbidities such as diabetes and fewer cardiovascular events. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparascopic gastric band and sleeve gastrectomy are the most widely performed bariatric procedures but, despite low perioperative mortality and complication rates, these procedures may not be suitable for all patients due to other factors. Newer surgical techniques are being developed both laparoscopically and endoscopically, in addition to the use of less invasive non-surgical devices that can achieve weight loss, by (1) increasing satiety such as gastric pacing and vagal nerve inhibition and (2) reducing absorption through aspiration of gastric contents, duodenal sheaths and thermal ablation of the duodenal mucosa. This article reviews current and future bariatric surgical procedures and introduces non-surgical devices that may increasingly feature in the management of obesity. Br J Diabetes 2016;16:156-161

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Background: For abdominal pain in children, imaging is routinely applied to make a possible diagnosis both in the outpatient and in the emergency department. Though the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis is made often these days, the significance of the size and number is still ambiguous and most studies consider mesenteric lymphadenitis is defined as three or more lymph nodes that are each 5 mm or greater in the short axis.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in central Kerala and the study tool included a detailed structured questionnaire.Results: Our study included 115 children with pain in the abdomen. 69 were found to have mesenteric lymphadenitis. Younger age group, fever as a symptom and acute infective gastroenteritis are statistically significantly associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis.Conclusions: In our study, acute infective gastroenteritis was the most common cause to be associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis which was. The incidence of mesenteric lymphadenitis was found to be more in children below 5 years.

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