The integration of UAS into the National Airspace, although imminent, still presents several technological challenges. Before a sucessful integration can occur, it is necessary to demonstrate different technologies in traffic detection, traffic avoidance, and communications, as well as in the integration of those technologies as a single unit. For this purpose, NASA developed its UAS Airspace Operation Challenge; a Centennial Challenge aimed at the demonstration of these technologies. The challenge consists of developing a UAS solution that can navigate autonomously while detecting and avoiding traffic using ADS-B signals. EmbryRiddle Aeronautical Univeristy developed an entry to this challenge: a UAS consisting of a surrogate UAV, a ground station, and a data link. The traffic detection challenges are addressed by processing images collected from an array of cameras mounted in the wingtips, while the avoidance challenges are addressed with a series of path planning algorithms.
For communication, a ground station was built and equipped with a data link for monitoring the aircraft's systems. The individual components were tested sucessfully, but flight test of the integrated unit is still in progress. The challenge was cancelled, but Embry-Riddle's entry remains a valuable asset for UAS integration technology.
Nomenclature
ADS-B= Automatic Dependent SurveillanceBroadcast IMU = Inertial Measurement Unit AOC = Airspace Operations Challenge INS = Inertial Navigation System CFIT = Controlled Flight Into Terrain N = North Velocity CPT = Control Position Transducer NAS = National Airspace CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check NI = National Instruments cRIO = Compact Reconfigurable Input/Output ψ = Relative Bearing D = Distance to Collision PPT = Precision pressure transducer E = East Velocity ROC = Rate of Climb EFRC = Eagle Flight Research Center SQL = Structured Query Language ERAU = Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University UAS = Unmanned Aircraft System FAA = Federal Aviation Regulations UAV = Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle GFSK = Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying VFR = Visual Flight Rules h = Rate of Change of Altitude V GS = Ground Speed
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