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The objective of the study was to evaluate non-genetic factors on semen traits. The overall means for the semen quality traits: ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm, mass activity, initial and post thaw motility, hypoosmotic swelling test, acrosome integrity of fresh and frozen test were 4.39±0.01 ml, 1.29±0.001 billion, 5.48±0.01 billion, 2.55±0.003, 73.41±0.0004%, 55.9±0.0002%, 59.01±0.001%, 84.98±0.002% and 71.13±0.002%, respectively. Breeds were found to differ in all the semen production and quality traits studied except acrosome integrity of fresh semen. Summer for semen production, and winter and monsoon for semen quality traits were comparatively better season. The quality traits improved with age and declined slightly in the later life.

Introduction: Auscultation of chest is an important part of clinical patient assessment and the skills required to interpret it are traditionally learned by listening the heart and lung sounds of many different patients. It may be difficult for the students to compare actual heart and lung sounds with similar findings. Therefore, use of simulated heart and lung sounds in teaching and training of medical students may be helpful in such scenario as it allows the repetitive and individualized oriented training in support of learning in real scenarios. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of simulation in understanding various respiratory and cardiovascular sounds, to assess the learning gain of students by pretest and post-test and to evaluate the perception of students towards simulation based learning. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out on 100 first year MBBS students at Clinical Skills Laboratory and Department of Physiology, at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from April 2018 to September 2018. Pretest was taken before intervention from all participants. Students were randomly divided into two groups. Group I had undergone clinical examination of Cardiovascular System (CVS) and Respiratory System (RS), where as, group II had undergone clinical examination of CVS and RS as well simulation based learning. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), post-test and feedback was obtained from all participants. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: Both groups had 50 subjects each,with age group of 18-20 years and mean age 18.3±1.9 years . There were 21 male and 29 female subjects in both groups. Mean scores of OSCE in group I and II were 7 and 8.18 respectively. Mean score of pretest in group I and II were 5.04 and 5.02 respectively, whereas mean score of post-test in group I and II were 6.66 and 7.54 respectively. Comparison of OSCE and post-test scores in two groups was found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Understanding of cardiovascular and respiratory sounds was better in group II where simulation based learning was used compared to other group. Hence, it was concluded that simulation based learning is useful additional tool to learn clinical examination of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. It helps first MBBS students to enhance their clinical knowledge, skills and attitude.

The study was conducted to assess the effect of age and season on seminal traits of pure HF bulls under tropical condition. A total of 30 HF bulls of age group up to 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8 and above 8 years were selected and divided into 3 seasons viz rainy, summer and winter. The breeding bulls were kept under intensive system of rearing as per MSP guidelines of India. Semen was collected, evaluated and data analyzed by using standard procedures. The overall production and all the seminal traits viz volume, initial motility and post thaw motility was found to be better in summer season as compare to rainy and winter season. However, there was no significant change in concentration due to season. Among all the age groups, 8 years and above were found to produce highest volume, post thaw motility and eventually more production. Highest percentage of initial motility was recorded among the youngest group of bulls and concentration was significantly (plessthan0.01) high in the age group 6-7years followed by 8 and above 8 years of age. The study revealed that age and season have highly significant (plessthan0.01) effect on all the seminal traits and production.

Incidence of parasitic diseases is persistent vital bottle neck in livestock development in developing countries. Nasal schistosoma is one of the snail-born parasitic diseases. A six year HF cross bred bull was investigated with typical sings, proliferated nasal membrane with sessile, cauliflower like growth, mucopurulent discharge, dyspnoea, snoring during respiration. Main focus of this case study was on investigation and effectual treatment of nasal schistosomiasis. Three doses of Anthomaline @ 20 ml intramuscular according to the body weight of bull at weekly intervals was given. Significant recovery of clinical signs with regression of the growth and general improvement of health condition was observed within three weeks.