The article discusses the heavy and special weapons of the Russian army during the Caucasian war across the territory of Black Sea coastline. By heavy equipment is meant all kinds of artillery systems which were used in the fortresses at that time. The particular importance is given to the special weapons, which include the minefields (mines and fougasses). It is proved that the mines on the galvanic elements were used not only in the navy but also for the needs of the ground forces. The authors came to the conclusion that the technical superiority of the Russian army became one of the main reasons for defeat of the highlanders in the war.Keywords: heavy and special weapons, the Caucasian war, the Black Sea coastline, artillery, fougasses and mines. Введение В любой войне важное значение имеет технический перевес. Кто лучше вооружен, кто использует эффективные новации -за тем и остается поле боя. В условиях Кавказской войны русская администрация использовала и то, и другое для обеспечения успокоения Кавказа.От разведчиков, эмиссаров и путешественников было известно, что черкесское Причерноморье -регион весьма не стабильный. Населяющие его племена, в значительной степени, склонны к разбою, чем серьезно осложняют жизнь соседям. Путешественник-натуралист Фредерик Дюбуа де Монперэ писал, что горцы «постоянно бьются с татарами, которые окружают их со всех сторон. Иногда они переходят Босфор по люду, чтобы грабить

In the educational field, anxiety towards mathematics has been a recurrent theme that has been intensified with the results of the PISA test of 2012 and 2015. Since students who are anxious about mathematics tend to avoid any area related to mathematics, it leads to a decrease in the number of professionals in mathematics. However, this construct comes from a later history, which is the study of anxiety itself as a psychological and biological phenomenon. For this reason, this work carries out a theoretical revision of those seminal contributions that gave rise to the explanation from the theoretical construct of anxiety for later and in a specific way, to derive in the empirical studies of anxiety towards mathematics.

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The article deals with the system of Singing lessons in the educational institutions of the Russian Empire. Attention is paid to the historical and educational significance of musical and choral training in schools, the difficulties and methodological approaches in teaching.Pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern scientific literature was used as materials. The methods of research were the principles of objectivity, historicism, systemic, complex consideration of social subjectivity in the subject of study, the maximum possible neutrality of the researcher towards the interpretation and evaluation of the actual material was assumed. The use of these methods allowed the authors to consider the system of singing lessons in educational institutions in retrospect and in historical sequence.In conclusion, the authors note that singing had a great importance in the Russian Empire. Traditions and teaching of singing ascended to the ancient history of Russia and played an important part in the spiritual life of society. In the middle of the XIX century, singing was taught in primary schools in Russia, but due to the complex system of teaching, the progress of students was slow. In the 1870s, the teaching methodology based on the analytical-synthetic method was changed, which made it possible to dramatically improve the quality of teaching.