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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between BMI indices and serum vitamin D levels in children and adolescents. METHODS: Survey of BMI values and serum vitamin D levels of patients aged between one and 16 years, from April 2017 to November 2020, treated at a university hospital RESULTS: The statistical association between BMI classification and serum vitamin D level by Fishers exact test was p= 0,053, a value very close to the limit of significance. Thus, there was a borderline correlation between obesity and hypovitaminosis D CONCLUSIONS: The causal relationship between excess fat and low seeric vitamin D is still not well understood. It is questioned whether reduced serum vitamin D levels function as a direct or indirect cause or consequence of increased BMI. Routine screening of levels of this vitamin in patients with excess body fat is considered relevant, due to its multisystemic and multifunctional role, in addition to the important need for supplementation in patients with its deficiency.