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The present research is about what was understood by Natural Law by the most relevant thinkers of XVI century New Spain. The author tries to prove that, due to the concept of Natural Law, the suppression of the eurocentric perspective regarding the nahuas' uses and customs was facilitated. Doubtless, not all thinkers of that time had the same interpretation of this concept. Authors such as Juan Ginés de Sepulveda interpreted it in a civilizational way, while others like Alonso de la Veracruz and Bartolomé de las Casas interpreted it from a modal perspective. These latter authors were the ones that, due to such perspective, were able to oppose concepts such as slavery and barbarism. Key Words: Alonso de la Veracruz, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, Thomas Aquinas, Bartolomé de las Casas. ResumenLa presente investigación precisa qué entendieron por ley natural los pensadores más relevantes del siglo XVI novohispano. La autora intenta probar que gracias al concepto de ley natural se facilitó la supresión de un enfoque eurocentrista en ocasión de los usos y costumbres nahuas; es indudable que no todos los pensadores de la época tuvieron la misma interpretación de este concepto. Autores como Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda la concibieron de modo civilizatorio mientras que otros como Alonso de la Veracruz y Bartolomé de las Casas la interpretaron desde una perspectiva modal; fueron estos últimos los que gracias a dicho instrumento lograron oponerse a conceptos como el de esclavitud y barbarie.

El escrito rastrea el tema actual de la violencia desde una perspectiva descriptiva, filosófica y de antropología social, intentando probar que el ser humano no es naturalmente violento porque tiene la capacidad para dirimir conflictos. El autor expone razones históricas y del derecho para explicar posibles soluciones a la violencia, señalando posibles interpretaciones sobre los antecedentes de la violencia en México. El artículo cierra con una propuesta filosófica concreta para dirimir conflictos y acceder a la no-violencia.Palabras clave: educación, conflicto, diálogo, no-violencia, reconciliación. AbstractThis article deals with violence from a descriptive, philosophical and anthropological point of view. The author pretends to proof that human being is not naturally violent because of its capability to solve conflicts. Aspe gives historical and juridical reasons to sustain her thesis and points out some possible interpretations in the grounds of nowadays violence in Mexico. The article proposes a philosophical method to inquiry violence and solve its conflicts.

Philosophy seeks out the underlying principles of reality, and a true philoso-pher struggles to go beyond mere knowledge of currents of thought that happen to be in vogue, going beyond an academic’s understanding of the thought of some distant thinker, however important their influence might be. Philo-sophical knowledge is so radical that it demands deep immersion, a journey beyond the common understanding of a problem. This is how I propose to do philosophy—by tracing the underlying foundations that have sustained Mexican philosophical thought over the centuries. Is there something in common among its doctrines, a transversal guiding thread through the complex weaving of Mexican philosophical reflection?

In this chapter I present two points that should be taken into account when reading the poem Primero Sueño by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. First off, I have sought the philosophical-poetic justifications for the text, as well as its possible interpretations, in order to demonstrate that any unilateral focus on its content and meanings must be shunned. Primero Sueño has to be read as it is, an open and polysemic philosophical poem that incorporates the cultural influences of a recently-born Novohispanic Criollismo in a novel fashion. Secondly, my investigation proposes a new reading of the poem, focusing on the connection and relevance of 17th century Jesuit theology to the author’s lines.