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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the role of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in hemoptysis due to malignant and non-malignant etiologies. Material and Methods: Data from patients who underwent BAE at a tertiary care center from October 2002 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables evaluated include procedural indication, technical success, clinical success, re-embolization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, and thirty-day readmission. Categorical and continuous variables were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-squared and two sample t-tests, respectively. Post-procedure survival and re-embolization were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: 114 BAE procedures from 93 unique patients with hemoptysis were identified, with 29.8% of procedures being performed for hemoptysis secondary to malignancy and 70.2% for benign causes. The technical and clinical success rates of the procedure were similar between benign and malignant etiologies (benign/malignant: 92.5% vs. 91.2% and 82.5% vs. 73.5%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in rates of need for re-embolization, ICU admission, 30-day readmission, mean hospital length of stay, or mortality between benign and malignant groups. Clinically successful embolization was protective against death (HR = 0.19, P < 0.001) and re-embolization (HR = 0.04, P = 0.001), while higher American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) score, female sex, and primary pulmonary malignancy were associated with risk of death. Conclusion: While patients with a malignant cause of hemoptysis had an increased risk of mortality and decreased survival time, BAE for malignant hemoptysis is effective with outcomes comparable to that for benign hemoptysis as indicated by high clinical and technical success rates and low rates of re-embolization.

Designers and system analysts have long struggled to extract and repurpose data from user research by laboriously presenting content in the form of storyboards, behavioral-type personas, or journey maps. An alternative is to convey insights from user research through scenario-based personas that represent user research data through storytelling. This provides a more streamlined way to convey data rather than character-based personas; however, scenarios are effortful for developers to articulate and envision. In this work, we empower assistive technology development teams to access authentic user experiences with scenario-based personas through tangible and digital artifacts. Scenario-based personas were used for conveying the results of a user analysis study for color identification mobile applications for people with visual impairments. We developed scenario-based personas for persons with impaired color vision based on the main contexts identified in user research studies. The method combines personas depicted in silhouettes of people with impaired color vision and scenario contexts that capture the place and activities. Silhouettes were used in the artifacts to reduce the bias that a face often generates in persona-based scenarios. Preliminary findings suggest that scenario-based persona tools were effective in describing the stories and context behind why a person with a visual disability would consider a color identification application. Through this method, scenario-based personas were able to foster understanding of the application's target user population by showing their main contexts of using these mobile applications and create playful and tangible artifacts to capture and convey such user information to designers and developers in the Humanistic Co-Design community. Methodological considerations for using scenario-based personas in user research will be discussed.