Background: Poor oral bioavailability of mesalamine (Mes) is due to extensive metabolism in the intestinal epithelial cells in addition to the liver. Purpose: Improved mesalamine release by Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) technique could be utilized for better management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Methods: Mes and hydrophilic polymers like Eudragit-EPO, KollidonVA-64 and PEG 6000 were hot-melt extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw laboratory extruder. Results: The minor shifting with significantly reduced intensity and disappearance of peak in the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermogram could be attributed to some solid-solid interaction and not necessarily any incompatibility. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the transformation of individual drug crystal into accumulations of small crystallites due to partial or almost complete amorphization. Continuous manufacturing of stable amorphous solid dispersion by solvent-free drug loading Hot-melt extrusion technique has been found feasible in improving drug release compared to mesalamine alone in simulated gastric fluid (f 1 = 0.3 to 11.1 and f 2 = 26 to 49). Conclusion: Melt dispersion samples have exhibited significantly improved mesalamine release and could be utilized for better management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

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<p>Delineating the impact of various natural and anthropogenic drivers on the environment is a<br>paramount challenge in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. In the present study, we used faecal<br>biomarker (coprostanol) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the lake sediments<br>alongside population census and meteorological parameters from Central Himalayas to delineate<br>the anthropogenic and natural signals of environmental changes for the past ~70 years (1950-<br>2018 AD). The resulting stress from the human activities is evident by an abrupt increase in the<br>coprostanol (0.1-5.5 mg/g) and pyrolytic PAHs concentration (1422-32077 ng/g) in the<br>sediments. Further, with the metric of population rise, economic and infrastructural development,<br>the composition of PAHs in the sediments has changed: the proportion of heavy molecular<br>weight PAHs increased from 57% to 86%, whereas low molecular weight PAHs decreased from<br>43% to 14% indicating an increase in the proportion of fossil fuels combustion and a decrease in<br>biomass burning sources. Based on reanalysis datasets, the computed temporal variation of<br>annual precipitation and annual temperature over the region clearly indicated that natural drivers<br>have no direct influence on the PAHs concentration and other biogeochemical parameters. In<br>addition, the hysplit back trajectory analysis provided evidences of the atmospheric deposition of<br>black carbon from the countryside biomass burning and petrogenic pollution from the nearby<br>megacities.</p>