No abstract

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) or Carbon-fiber reinforced plastics composites is a material that has caught the interest of many industries due to its excellent properties like strength, lightweight, crashworthiness, style, looks, and many more. This paper discussed the manufacturing of carbon fibres and CFRPs. The properties of carbon fibres and carbon-fiber reinforced plastics composites are discussed in detail. The applications of Carbon-fiber reinforced plastics composites in the field of automotive and aerospace elaborated in detail. The challenges, recycling of CFRPs, and new approaches in the field of fibres reinforced plastic composites are also addressed in this paper.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is described as the involuntary leakage of urine and is a global problem. The younger age groups have the lowest prevalence (12.0%), while the oldest have the greatest (40.0%); however, there is a surge around the middle age. Osteoporosis (OP) is a medical and socioeconomic hazard characterized by the decrease of bone mass, strength throughout the body resulting in lower bone density and a higher risk of fractures. Females become more vulnerable to these conditions as they grow older. The aim of the study: To assess the available research and find links between coexistence of decreased bone health and urinary incontinence in females. Materials and methods: Electronic databases like, CINAHL, Embase, Trip Medical Database, Cochrane Library and Pub Med were the ones searched for relevant articles from January 2011 to January 2022. The PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used to conduct this systematic review. Results: There were 416 results found in the databases after eliminating the duplicates and studies that were unrelated to the topic. The review included total of five studies and quality assessment was done by four reviewers. Most studies found a strongly significant link between osteoporosis and urinary incontinence, whereas one study found no association. Conclusion: In this study, the five most common associated risk factors were revealed to be menopause, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and hyperlipidemia. Based on recent studies a strong significant link was found between the two health conditions (OP and UI) and coexistence of both conditions was seen in females.

Strokes can result in many different disabilities, ranging from motor control and urinary incontinence to depression and memory loss. Stroke usually occurs on only one side of the brain, so decreased motor control (the ability to move muscles in a coordinated manner) usually develops on only one side of the body. Total 30 participants including both male and female who were previously diagnosed by Neurologist was recruited for the study. Subject will be selected as per convenient sampling and assigned into two groups i.e. Group –A (Experimental group) and Group-B (Control Group). In group-A subjects were given motor imagery and conventional therapy both; in group-B subjects were given conventional therapy alone. This group received Motor imagery (10-15 minute) & Conventional therapy (30-40 minutes) both and it was given in single session of 45-50 minutes. The program was conducted for 3 times per week. Total duration of both programs was for 4 weeks. For group B Intervention of Conventional therapy alone was given for 30-40 min. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding their age. Group A got 13 subjects with (mean age = 65.46 years ±7.55) and Group B got 13 subjects with (mean age = 65.69 ±5.58). Both programs were conducted in the respective participant’s home and hospital environment. The procedure requires only a stopwatch, two felt tip marking pens with washable ink, and a 16-m (53ft) walkway that is premeasured and marked with masking tape at four points. Initially subjects were introduced with Motor Imagery technique. Statistics are performed by using SPSS 13 and Sigma state. t- Test was used for analysis of data. Paired t-test was applied to compare the data of Gait assessment (stride length, step length, gait velocity and cadence) within group. Student t-test was used to compare the data of gait assessment (stride length, step length, gait velocity and cadence) between groups. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05 was considered significant. Key words: Strokes, Gait assessment, Motor Imagery and Conventional therapy.