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Covalent functionalization of graphene nanoparticles by autoclave, reflux-condensation, and microwave-assisted methods was performed. Nanofluids prepared by acidic functionalized graphene exhibit a higher dispersion stability than raw graphene. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids obtained by the microwaveassisted method was higher than with other functionalization methods, and a signifcant maximum thermal conductivity enhancement compared to deionized water was achieved. Microwave-assisted thermochemical synthesis is a highly effective energy-saving method over other conventional approaches.

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