There has been enormous growth in the energy sector in the new millennium, and it has enhanced energy demand, creating an exponential rise in the capital investment in the energy industry in the last few years. Regular monitoring of the health of industrial equipment is necessary, and thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) comes into play. In this paper, the purpose is to highlight the importance of SHM systems and various techniques primarily used in pipelining industries. There have been several advancements in SHM systems over the years such as Point OFS (optical fiber sensor) for Corrosion, Distributed OFS for physical and chemical sensing, etc. However, these advanced SHM technologies are at their nascent stages of development, and thus, there are several challenges that exist in the industries. The techniques based on acoustic, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), etc. bring in various challenges, as it becomes daunting to monitor the deformations from both sides by employing only one technique. In order to determine the damages well in advance, it is necessary that the sensor is positioned inside the pipes and gives the operators enough time to carry out the troubleshooting. However, the mentioned technologies have been unable to indicate the errors, and thus, there is the requirement for a newer technology to be developed. The purpose of this review manuscript is to enlighten the readers about the importance of structural health monitoring in pipeline and wind turbine industries.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper to find out the tangible potential and opportunities of realitytourism in India and other parts of the world. Do we expose our nudity, weaknesses and poverty to tourists or can it be used as an unconventional revenue source for local development of such backward areas? Design -The paper defines the concept of reality-tourism which is prevailing in India at a slow pace and provides a critical analyses about pros and cons of this type of tourism. It also analyses the view of all the stakeholders such as the tourists, the tour operators and the people from slum areas. The paper highlights the various means of reality-tourism, the modus operandi, the various factors affecting reality-tourism through a proposed model, ending up with satisfaction level measurement of the all the players involved. Methodology -Based on an extensive literature review, the author proposes a model to check the various criticisms against the reality tourism also calculate the impact of reality tourism on the daily life of slum dwellers with a case study approach followed by descriptive analysis. Findings -The paper finds a positive trend about reality-tourism. Three different case studies reflects three different scenario of reality-tourism in India about their direct and indirect positive impact on daily life routines of slum dwellers, their business, their health and their education. The paper can also serve as a basis for further research to check the authenticity of proposed model and can frame out some better tourism policies for such niche segment of consumers.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the most common sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and is associated with recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) collapse during sleep. Arousal from sleep is required to re-establish the airway patency. Patients with OSAS have various structural and functional abnormalities of the upper airway during sleep, which may reflect on their pulmonary function tests. Material and methods: We performed spirometry in 50 diagnosed OSAS patients. Spirometric indices like FEF50/ FIF50 >1 and saw tooth appearance of FV loops were studied. Their association with OSA and grades of OSA was evaluated using statistical analysis. Results: It was found that these spirometric indices were common in OSAS patients but their association with grades of OSA were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Spirometry findings can point toward diagnosis of OSA but these findings are absent in most OSA patients.

Background: Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. Impulse oscillometry is a newer diagnostic modality for asthma. It is based on the measurement of sound waves reflected by airway resistance. Objectives: The aim of this article is to study the role of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis and follow-up of bronchial asthma. Methods: Fifty-five clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma patients were evaluated with spirometry and impulse oscillometry before and after 3 months of inhaled treatment. The sensitivity to diagnose and follow-up was compared using proper statistical tests. Results: Impulse oscillometry was superior to spirometry in diagnosing bronchial asthma and also in accessing the treatment response after 3 months. Conclusion: Impulse oscillometry is superior in predicting bronchial asthma and its parameters are also more sensitive in accessing treatment response. It can replace spirometry as it is easy to perform and effort independent.

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