Climate variability as well as extreme phenomena have various interpretations. These last depend on agricultural practices and endogenous ritual related to a specific ethnic group. The study aims at analyzing endogenous perceptions about hydroclimate phenomena of Torri populations of the district of Akpro-Missérété in Benin. The adopted methodology is based on the collection and process of climatic and hydrological data. The climatic data were rainfall and temperature. All the data cover the period from 1971 to 2010. These scientific data were compared with endogenous knowledge related to hydroclimate phenomena in the study area. The results showed that Torri populations of the district of Akpro-Missérété have endogenous knowledge allowing them to recognize and to predict the succession of the climatic phenomena. Thus, the long wet season is indicated by ‘’Amajikun’’; the short one covering September and October is called ‘’Ozojikùn’’. The long dry season is called ‘’Akudaxo’’ whereas the short one is known as '’Akukpɛvi''. The drought period is recognized by the persistence of rainfall recession and called ‘’Akugaa’’, whereas the period of high waters is known as ''Tɔgigɔ''. These various climatic phenomena constitute the agricultural schedule which is similar to agricultural season. In case of extreme phenomena, Torri populations develop adaptation strategies. These included early crop harvest or postponed harvest depending on the rainfall rate. Also, they organized ceremonies and offerings to the gods to ward off evil spells in order to regulate agricultural activities.

Water, source of life, is also a source of disease when it is polluted. The aim of this study is to analyze the physicochemical quality and the bacteriological quality of the wells, boreholes and tank for drinking water in the Commune of Allada. The methodology is based on the collection of data, data processing and analysis carried out at the Laboratory for Quality Control of Water and Food (LCQEA) of the Ministry of Health. From the water sampling carried out at three (03) traditional wells, two (02) boreholes, two (02) tanks and water of river (02), bacteriological and physicochemical analysis were performed. The results showed that pH is higher at the tank than other water sources. Well 3 (P3) has a very high electrical conductivity (EC) which was 384.95 μS / cm and 192.47 mg / L for total dissolved solids (TDS). The tank 2 exhibited high value in pH 9.14; 71.72 (μS / cm) for the electrical conductivity (CE) and 35.86 mg / L, in total dissolved solids (TDS). Well 2 (P2) has a high turbidity of 4.53 (NTU) at all analyzed water points. The concentration of iron, copper nickel and cobalt remains low(less than 0.4 mg / L).Wells 2 and tank 1 are concentrated in lead, respectively 20.75mg / L and 13.71mg / L. Tank 1 and 2 have a high concentration of cadmium compared to other water points. The presence of Escherichia coli with a high concentration at home SONEB (39 CFU) and at well 2 (7.10 2 ) was found. In view of these results some recommendations were made.

RésuméLes risques hydro-climatiques ont des effets sur le système écologie, l’économie et humains qui font actuellement des préoccupations majeurs de la planète. Cette recherche vise à analyser les changements socio-économiques et environnementaux des risques hydro-climatiques dans la bande côtière au sud-ouest Bénin.La méthodologie utilisée s’articule autour de la recherche documentaire, de la collecte des données (hauteurs pluviométriques de la station de Cotonou 1950-2018, les types d’activités socioéconomiques menées, etc), du traitement des données et d’analyse des résultats. Au total 252 personnes ont été enquêtées selon  la méthode stratifiée sur les critères suivants. Ill s’agit des  des ménages (pêcheurs traditionnels, vendeuses) et des personnes ressources pouvant fournir des informations sur les risques hydro-climatiques qui impactent les activités socioéconomiques.Il ressort des résultats que l’impact des risques hydro-climatiques sur les activités socioéconomiques et l’environnement au niveau de la bande côtière est visible. Ils occasionnent des pertes socio-économiques considérables  à plus de 60 % et viennent aggraver la vulnérabilité des populations. Ensuite les phénomènes extrêmes du climat entrainent une régression des activités dans tous les secteurs. L’analyse des données révèle que la bande côtière est en proie à des risques majeurs qui sont l’inondation, des  ruptures de stationnalité  avec une significativité de 95 %,  l’érosion côtière et les vents violents. Les années 1970, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1998, 2000, 2001 ont un indice de sècheresse fort et appartient à l’intervalle -1<SPI<2. La formation des variables de 1995 à 2018 régresse au profit  de la progression d’autres variables avec des corrélations de (– 0,98 à 0 et   de 0 à  1).Ces différents systèmes  perturbés étant des secteurs pourvoyeurs de ressources pour le développement, il en résulte des conséquences néfastes au niveau de la population (maladies, pertes des productions agricoles et autres).  Par ailleurs l’installation anarchique dans les agglomérations est due à l’évolution démographique et les activités anthropiques exercées par la population au niveau de la bande côtière.Mots clés : Bénin, bande côtière Togbin, Avlékété et Ouidah, activités socio-économiques et environnementales, risques hydro-climatiquesAbstractHydro-climatic risks have effects on the ecological, economic and human system which are currently major concerns of the planet. This research aims to analyze the socio-economic and environmental changes of hydro-climatic risks in the coastal strip in southwestern Benin.The methodology used revolves around documentary research, data collection (rainfall levels at the Cotonou station 1950-2018, types of socioeconomic activities carried out, etc.), data processing and analysis of results. . A total of 252 people were surveyed using the stratified method based on the following criteria. These are households (traditional fishermen, vendors) and resource people who can provide information on hydro-climatic risks that impact socioeconomic activities.The results show that the impact of hydro-climatic risks on socioeconomic activities and the environment at the coastal strip level is visible. They cause considerable socio-economic losses at more than 60% and aggravate the vulnerability of the populations. Then the extreme weather phenomena lead to a decline in activities in all sectors. Analysis of the data reveals that the coastal strip is prey to major risks which are flooding, breaks in stationality with a significance of 95%, coastal erosion and strong winds. The years 1970, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1998, 2000, 2001 have a strong drought index and belong to the interval -1 <SPI <2. The formation of variables from 1995 to 2018 regresses in favor of the progression of other variables with correlations of (- 0.98 to 0 and 0 to 1).These various disrupted systems being sectors that provide resources for development, the result is negative consequences at the level of the population (diseases, losses of agricultural production and others). In addition, the anarchic establishment in towns is due to demographic change and human activities carried out by the population in the coastal strip.Keywords: Benin, Togbin coastal strip, Avlékété and Ouidah, socio-economic and environmental activities, hydro-climatic risks

In the catchment area of Ouémé with Bétérou the extreme climatic phenomena lead to risks hydroclimatic which can create, for lack of an adequate management, massive migrations of populations, ecological disasters as well as shortages of food, of energy, of essential water and other goods. The work aims to study the risks hydroclimatic in the catchment area of Ouémé to the discharge system of Bétérou. To achieve this goal, from the climatological data (height daily and monthly of rains, temperatures, ETP) over 1965 to 2012 period are obtained at the National Direction of the Meteorology (DNM) of Cotonou. The hydrological data made up of the daily outputs of the Ouémé river to the discharge system of Bétérou, over 1965-2012 period are extracted from the data base of DGWater. The diagnostic methods of the climate used are primarily statistical and relate to the frequential analysis and the calculation of the indices of dryness.The analysis of the results shows that in the catchment area of Ouémé with Bétérou analyzes compared of the three indices of weather dryness (Decile, RDI and the SPI), that the basin known over the period of 1965 to 1990 three years very dry (1981, 1982 and 1987) and a year close to the extreme dryness (1983). It also arises that index PDSI made it possible to identify the various periods of dryness recorded in the middle