COVID-crisis has made significant changes in the educational process of many coun-tries, including the need for new management decisions that would solve the complex problem of accelerating the development of online resources for distance learning. Management, particularly in education, is valuable when it is able to combine both general and specific goals. Especially when it comes to a specific educational process for training future TV and radio journalists, advertisers and PR-managers, screenwrit-ers and directors, sound directors, TV presenters, film and cameramen. The peculiarity of these professions is the combination of both creative and technological components of production and placement of professional audio-video content, i.e. content pro-duced by TV and radio companies, film or TV studios, advertising agencies, and aimed at a mass audience. One of the basic priorities in training such specialists is, first of all, the practice, which is based on the planned implementation of educational audiovisual projects and the ability to put them into effect in certain circumstances, including COVID-crisis caused by COVID-19 virus. Therefore, the aim of the article is to hypothesize how to build a productive distance educational strategy in the condi-tions of COVID-crisis, which specifically affected the quality of practical training of specialists in the field of audiovisual media and arts in Ukraine.

The whole world undergoes significant changes in communication, television and radio. Therefore, journalism education also alters. Television companies and radio stations hire former students, who already perceive the development of modern media in a different way, and thus try to communicate differently and influence large audiences. It is applied to all societies and countries developing their own media and caring about the future of television and radio industry. Such a new complex problem on communication via television and radio is caused primarily by the changes of information technology and communicative strategies in the field of media, online educational techniques in world schools of journalism, and is now being discussed by theorists and practitioners of journalism on various media platforms or global forums. The purpose of the article, that is based on the long-term research of scientists at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, is to set and prove the hypothesis about the future of television and radio broadcasting, in particular, those who will come to work on television or are already working, combining studying with practical activity. Within the period of 2012-2019 the authors of the article interviewed 760 students of the Institute of Journalism, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, on the basis of their statements about the choice of specialization, and collected the data on their attitude to modern media, including television and radio. As a result of the research, the authors have developed the psychotypology of students who will work for television and radio companies in Ukraine, and form the public opinion on social, sociocultural and political processes in the country. Consequently, this psychotypology (classics, jazzmen, rockers and conformists) can be used in schools of journalism in other countries as a technological approach to model the matrices of the educational process for training the TV and radio journalists.

In the research were analyzed visual techniques that were used to fill the content of Ukrainian TV channels in the period from the beginning of December to the end of January. The Christmas and holiday season are not officially included in a separate category of TV programming, but the season is fundamentally important for attracting the viewer’s attention and for setting the further price of airtime for advertisers. The article is one of the first attempts to consider this aspect broadly/extensively and to outline the current vectors of studying the specifics of the program content of TV channels in the period of Christmas and holiday season, therefore this article is promising for the applied social communications area. In order to describe the main visual techniques, that are used in television content, the authors emphasize on their diversity, also they leave space for the further analysis of other nonverbal and verbal elements of the screen communication, that are used during festive period. Researchers have selected the TV channels logos, the program broadcast in the night from December 31.12.20 to January 01.01.2021, as well as other screen products of the different genres, telefilms and movies, that were shot and presented on TV broadcast in different years. Among the main research methods were used the following: content-analysis, which contributed to a thorough study of the software network of TV channels broadcasting, observation and comparison, which helped to outline the common and different characteristics of software products and broadcasts in general, induction method, which helped to form the key screen concepts. The suggested conclusions provide grounds for the statement, that the choice of content for filling TV channels during festive season is based on commercial inquiries, creative and technological resources of the television producers. In addition, the authors mention the segment of Christmas and New Year congratulations of head of state as promising for the further research.

The article concerns the first two years (1992-1993) of the formation of commercial broadcasting in Ukraine. It studies the factors that influenced the creation of the first commercial radio stations, which gradually attempted to switch from a “game mode” to the broadcasting business and business entrepreneurship. The activity of the first ten commercial radio companies is studied by means of systematization, content analysis, generalization and other methods. The authors of the article offer the documented time of the first airwaves of each company mentioned (from the authors‟ personal archives). The role that these stations played in the formation of commercial private broadcasting in Ukraine is analyzed. Additional information is given about the creation of the Association of Private Radio Stations in Ukraine which was intended to unite commercial radio stations. The minute of the seminar “Local Radio” is published for the first time. The meeting with the head officers of the radio stations present was organized by the public organization International Media Center – Internews (Ukraine) and by the training center British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, England) from May 20 to June 3, 1994 in Pushcha-Vodytsia near Kyiv. It was there where they decided to create the association. One of the radio projects of MMC-Internews “Interview from Internews” is examined. It may be considered as the first radio project unifying commercial radio stations, and also the first student radio project at the private radio station in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study facts and documents (from the authors‟ personal archive) certifying the dialectic progress of Ukrainian commercial broadcasting from the so-called “musical patchwork” to the transformation into a profitable means of mass communication.

Artykuł mówi o nowoczesnym rozumieniu pojęć "telewizja" i "komunikacja radiowa" w kontekście zrozumienia roli technologii, postępu mediów i sztuki audiowizualnej, podstawowych aspektów teorii dziennikarstwa telewizyjnego, współczesnych koncepcji dziennikarstwa naukowego i edukacyjnego oraz reprezentacji młodzieży w telewizji i komunikacji radiowej jako sferze twórczej, przedsiębiorczej i zawodowej. Za pomocą metod ankietowych, obserwacyjnych i wywiadowczych przez autorów artykułu zgromadzono informacje podczas komunikacji ze studentami wiodących ukraińskich wyższych szkół dziennikarskich w latach 2020-2021, co przyczyniło się do realizacji celów i zadań badania. Celem artykułu jest określenie poziomu motywacji młodzieży do wyboru komunikacji telewizyjnej i radiowej jako dziedziny aktywności zawodowej, potencjalnego miejsca pracy, możliwego rodzaju własnej działalności gospodarczej, ostatecznie realizacji ambicji twórczych.Słowa kluczowe: Telewizja, komunikacja radiowa, reklama telewizyjna i radiowa, rynek telewizyjny i radiowy, wykształcenie w zakresie telewizji i radia, studencka publiczność telewizyjna i radiowa, monitoring audycji telewizyjnej i radiowej.