Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, causing about 60,000 deaths annually. In this review, we have described in detail the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis, the influence of cytokines, genetic susceptibility on the course of the disease, and the evasion of the immune response. These data are combined with information about immunological and pathomorphological changes in the kidneys, liver, and lungs, which are most affected by Weil’s disease. The review also suggests a possible role of the gut microbiota in the clinical course of leptospirosis, the main mechanisms of the influence of gut dysbiosis on damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs through several axes, i.e., gut-liver, gut-kidney, and gut-lungs. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and/or fecal microbiota transplantation in leptospirosis may become an important area of scientific research.

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. In order to identify potential risk factors and predictors of disease severity, a meta-analysis of the clinical features of severe and non-severe leptospirosis patients was conducted. PubMed was searched to collect studies on the difference in clinical characteristics of severe and nonsevere patients, and data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3 software. Results showed that patients with severe outcomes were more likely to have dyspnoea, oliguria, and hemorrhagic symptoms than nonsevere patients. Determining these predictors in the early stages of the disease could thus significantly reduce the development of severe cases and related mortality.

Facteurs de risque de leptospirose sévère dans la région transcarpatique de l'Ukraine -recherche «drapeau rouge» Introduction. La leptospirose est une maladie ré-émergente à spectre large de manifestations cliniques, allant des résultats asymptomatiques ou modérés aux résultats graves et mortels. La leptospirose peut être traitée de manière adéquate si elle est détectée tôt ; cependant, des présentations cliniques comparables avec diverses autres maladies fébriles ou co-infections, ainsi que des problèmes de diagnostic en laboratoire, peuvent conduire à un diagnostic erroné, entraînant une maladie grave. L'identification des prédicteurs cliniques de la forme grave de la maladie est essentielle pour réduire les complications et la létalité de la maladie. L'objectif de l'étude a été d'établir les facteurs de risque de létalité dans la leptospirose. Matériaux et méthodes. Pour déterminer les facteurs de risque de létalité, une étude rétrospective de 102 dossiers médicaux de patients atteints de