Разработана энергоэффективная система ультразвукового обнаружения препятствий для слепых. Показана возможность повышения эффективности системы-расширения угла обзора, снижения энергопотребления, повышения времени автономной работы от элемента питания без подзарядки, за счет использования современной элементной базы, выбора оптимальной тактовой частоты и алгоритма работы микроконтроллера. Приведены результаты разработки программной модели и кода программы работы микроконтроллера. На основе данных исследований был собран и испытан макет устройства. Наличие трех ультразвуковых датчиков позволяет расширить угол обзора и определять наличие препятствий прямо перед человеком, а также слева и справа от него. Ключевые слова: ультразвуковой датчик; микроконтроллер; звуковой излучатель; программные коды; энергопотребление.
The paper considers the possibility of solving the problem of improving the quality of technical vision using the contour method, which is used to position objects in mobile computer vision systems. The hardware part of the object positioning system includes two video cameras, a Raspberry Pi 3 microcomputer, a depth contour map screen, and a motor control unit. The codes of programs based on the OpenCV library, the algorithm of the system and examples of the implementation of the contour method are given. The algorithm of the developed positioning technique includes the selection of the contours of objects on the frames of a stereopair, removal of all open contours, calculation of the moment (center of mass) of each closed contour, determination of the displacement along the x-axis of the moments of the corresponding contours, filling each closed contour with points with a brightness inversely proportional to the displacement of the moments. The presence of two video cameras, a Raspberry Pi 3 microcomputer, a contour depth map screen provides stereoscopic and panoramic "vision", that is, the ability to determine the presence of objects and their distance, as well as to get an overall picture in the "field of view" of the system. The engine control unit allows mobile devices to avoid obstacles. Based on the analysis of the research results, it was found that the proposed system provides an increase in the quality of positioning of objects and a decrease in the required computing resource, which gives a significant decrease in power consumption and ensures the autonomy of the system.
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