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The article is devoted to the study of the role of black and busy fallows in increasing the productivity of spring durum wheat and maintaining soil fertility in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The aim of the study was the effect of the systematic application of mineral fertilizers in crop rotations with various types of fallow on the productivity of spring durum wheat and the preservation of soil fertility. The article presents the average long-term data on the stocks of macronutrients in the soil during the sowing and harvesting of spring durum wheat, its productivity in black and soil-protective (occupied) fallows according to rotations of six-field crop rotations on two nutrition backgrounds. The drought indicator (DTC) of the months of the growing season was calculated on average for rotations of crop rotations, on the basis of which it can be seen that the most favorable period for field crops was in the first rotation (2003-2008). Cultivation of Sudanese grass in busy pairs is an effective soil-protective technique that allows you to increase the productivity of the link with durum wheat and crop rotation in general. The productivity of the link, on average, over 18 years of research, increases by 3.15 tons and 2.79 tons of feed units in comparison with the cultivation of durum wheat on black fallow.