Diversos estudos têm demonstrado um efeito benéfico do exercício de força sobre a redução da pressão arterial (PA) pós-exercício, mas ainda são escassas as pesquisas envolvendo pessoas hipertensas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as respostas de PA em sujeitos hipertensos medicados após duas sessões de exercício de força com diferentes volumes de treinamento. Para tal, foram estudados 20 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros (61 ± 12 anos) com hipertensão controlada por fármacos e participantes de um programa de exercícios, porém sem experiência no treinamento de força. O estudo foi realizado em três dias não consecutivos. Primeiramente, foi determinada a carga de 10 repetições máximas em cada exercício da seqüência (supino reto, leg-press horizontal, remada em pé e rosca tríceps). Nos demais dias, os mesmos exercícios foram realizados com uma (SER1) ou três (SER3) séries. A aferição da PA foi executada pelo método auscultatório no momento pré-exercício, imediatamente após o término de cada sessão e durante 60 minutos após o término dos exercícios. A ANOVA de medidas repetidas identificou que em ambas as sessões os valores da PA sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), medidos imediatamente após o término dos exercícios, foram mais elevados (p < 0,05) que os do pré-exercício. O acompanhamento em 60 minutos exibiu, após SER1, uma redução dos valores de PAS apenas no 40º minuto, enquanto não foram encontradas reduções para a PAD. Já após SER3, observou-se uma queda dos níveis de PAS que perdurou por todo o período de monitorização. Para PAD, foram encontradas reduções apenas no 30º e 50º minuto pós-exercício. Conclui-se que uma sessão de treinamento de força pode promover reduções nos níveis de PAS em indivíduos hipertensos medicados e parece ser necessário um maior volume de treinamento para que tal efeito ocorra.
Background Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection) evolves to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) affecting 1.8 million people worldwide. This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial designed to estimate efficacy and safety of selenium (Se) treatment in CCC. Methods 66 patients with CCC stages B1 (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] > 45% and no heart failure; n = 54) or B2 (LVEF < 45% and no heart failure; n = 12) were randomly assigned to receive 100 mcg/day sodium selenite ( Se, n = 32) or placebo ( Pla, n = 34) for one year (study period: May 2014-September 2018). LVEF changes over time and adverse effects were investigated. Trial registration number: NCT00875173 (clinicaltrials.gov). Findings No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the primary outcome: mean LVEF after 6 (β = +1.1 p = 0.51 for Se vs Pla ) and 12 months (β = +2.1; p = 0.23). In a subgroup analysis, statistically significant longitudinal changes were observed for mean LVEF in the stage B2 subgroup (β= +10.1; p = 0.02 for Se [ n = 4] vs Pla [ n = 8]). Se treatment was safe for CCC patients, and the few adverse effects observed were similarly distributed across the two groups. Interpretation Se treatment did not improve cardiac function (evaluated from LVEF) in CCC. However, in the subgroup of patients at B2 stage, a potential beneficial influence of Se was observed. Complementary studies are necessary to explore diverse Se dose and/or associations in different CCC stages (B2 and C), as well as in A and B1 stages with longer follow-up. Funding Brazilian Ministry of Health, Fiocruz, CNPq, FAPERJ.
BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at a high rate in Brazil, making prevention a health priority. Schools are the central focus of interventions aiming the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity, however, randomized trials and cohort studies have not yet provided clear evidence of strategies to reduce prevalence of obesity.The aim of this study is to present a protocol to evaluate the efficacy of combining school and household level interventions to reduce excessive weight gain among students.MethodsThe intervention target fifth and sixth graders from 18 public schools (9 interventions and 9 controls) in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A sample size of 2500 students will be evaluated at school for their weight status and those from the intervention group who are overweight or obese will be followed monthly at home by community health agents. Demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, eating behavior and food consumption data will be collected at school using a standardized questionnaire programmed in personal digital assistant. At school, all students from the intervention group will be encouraged to change eating habits and food consumption and to increase physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior.DiscussionThis study will provide evidence whether integration of school with primary health care can prevent excessive weight gain among adolescents. Positive results will inform a sustainable strategy to be disseminated in the health care system in Brazil.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02711488. Date of registration: March 11, 2016.
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