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This paper aims to understand the impacts of technology adoption on small independent food retailers in Portugal. Based on primary data, perceptions of the impacts were related to types of technology and retailer‐specific characteristics. Although technologies for managing customer relationships are the most frequently adopted, there is no empirical evidence that they yield strong perceived impacts on firms' performance. The complexity and novelty of such technologies seems to require time for firms and workers to become proficient in their use, and hence to generate perceived impacts on firms' performance.

Innovation is key to firms' competitive advantage, performance, and growth. In this paper we try to briefly link the concepts of Innovation and Entrepreneurship with the emergence of a new industrial revolution that has been labeled as "Industry 4.0", showing that as in the past a set of innovation are the main drivers for the change of the technical and social paradigm. We summarize a number of concepts to show that the key drivers of competitiveness are Innovation and Entrepreneurship. InnovationIt is important to distinguish innovation from invention. Even though related, these concepts are distinct and entail different factors, consequences and challenges. Invention is defined by Schumpeter [12], as an idea, a sketch or a model, for a new or improved product, process or system, which may or may not be patented but which is not yet standardized in the marketplace. It means to generate an idea, a concept, or a solution where there is nothing, to discover something new. Innovation, on its hand, means the adoption of an idea, behavior or invention pertaining to a product, service, device, system, policy or program that is new to the firm [13]. This involves converting the idea, sketch or model invented into a product, service, process or even business that generates value or for which customers are willing to pay for. According to Schumpeter, this conversion process is fundamental to the process of economic development, as something that allows to boost the cycles of growth [12]. Recent studies have sought to establish a conceptual map of innovation in order to define and cover the different forms of understanding and studying the phenomenon.

The rising market concerns on sustainable activities create opportunities for the firms' positioning, which can use these to increase competitiveness. However, it is necessary to understand deeply the phenomenon of eco-innovation (or sustainable innovations) in order to leverage competitive assets and keep to date with the economic trends. This article presents a case study of eco-innovation practices at Dell Inc., seeking to understand how these can become a source of competitive advantage for the firm. A descriptive-exploratory study was carried out, in which data were collected through a semi-structured interview and a documentary research on the Dell 2020 Plan. In accordance with the reviewed literature, the results indicate that Dell presents a high index of eco-innovative practices and, at the same, it presents visions, new opportunities and new markets due to these same practices.

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