Background The literature identifies several factors that are associated with lower limb performance (LLP). However, there is little consensus on which factors have the major associations with LLP. Objective Examine, analyze and summarize the scientific evidence on the factors associated with the performance of LLP in children and adolescents of both sexes aged between 7 and 17 years. Design This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered in PROSPERO. Data sources A systematic literature search of five electronic databases (i.e., SPORTDiscus, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS) with date restrictions was conducted (2010 to 2021). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Eligibility criteria included (i) a study published between 2010 and 2021; (ii) a research study with observational design; (iii) a study analyzing LLP; and (iv) a sample composed of young people between 7 and 17 years old (regardless of sex). Analyses Literature analysis was carried out in English and Portuguese between 2018 and 2021, “blindly” by two researchers. For data sorting, Rayyan® was used. Data extraction and evidence analysis were performed “blindly”, using the Loney scale. The minimum items for observational studies were analyzed by the STROBE checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted based on age group (Childhood [7 to 11 Yrs] and Adolescence [12 to 17 Yrs]) and puberty stages (i.e., Prepupertal and Pubertal). The heterogeneity between the samples of the studies was assessed using the “Cochran’s Q” and “I^2” statistics. Meta-regression analyses were performed to check the factors related to heterogeneity of the studies and to check the associations between chronological age and LLP. Results The literature search resulted in 1,109,650 observational studies of which 39 were included in this review. Through Meta-analysis and Meta-regressions, it was possible to indicate that advancing chronological age related to increased LLP (p<0.01), and that in relation to puberty stages pubertal subjects had higher LLP than their pre-pubertal peers (p<0.01). Discussion The main findings of the present systematic review suggest that as chronological age advances (childhood to adolescence), neuromuscular systems mature and this may be due to advancing puberty, which is also associated with an increase in LLP. Conclusion The factors associated with lower limbs performance are still inconsistent in the literature. However, advancing chronological age and stage of puberty are both associated with increased lower limbs performance. Trial registration ID-PROSPERO-CRD42020137925.

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Solid information on exposure and how to treat COVID-19 in pediatric patients is not yet conclusive in the literature, because of this it is necessary to make a critical analysis of the available data in order to provide common points on the theme in question. This systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020181835) and aims through searches in the Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS and CINAHL, to group the studies published with the theme COVID-19 and pediatric between 2019 and 2020. The MeSH descriptors: COVID-19, child and children will be used in English and Chinese. Observational research, clinical trials and literature reviews will be included, where the study sample was composed of pediatric patients of both sexes aged between 6 and 17 years. The Rayyan QCRI tool® will be used to manage revision data. The analysis of the feasibilities of observational studies will be done by the Loney scale, clinical trials by the Cocharne scale and review studies by the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). The authors intend that the study is completed in the second semester of 2021. The choice of the theme is justified because the results of the future research are useful for the elaboration of public health measures that offer the promotion of effective treatment during the recovery of pediatric patients infected with COVID-19.

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