Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries have the potential to become the technology of choice for large-scale electrochemical energy storage because of the high sodium abundance and low costs. However, not many materials meet the performance requirements for practical applications. Here, we report a novel sodium-ion battery electrode material, Na(2.55)V(6)O(16)⋅0.6 H(2)O, that shows significant capacities and stabilities at high current rates up to 800 mA g(-1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are carried out to better understand the underlying reactions. Moreover, due to the different oxidation states of vanadium, this material can also be employed in a symmetric full cell, which would decrease production costs even further. For these full cells, capacity and stability tests are conducted using various cathode:anode mass ratios.

Synthesis of bundled, single crystalline Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 nanobelts is done by a simple and novel cost-effective low-temperature hydrothermal method and further annealed at different temperatures. These nanobelts are applied as both cathode and anode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium ion battery. The morphologies and structure of Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 nanobelts are studied via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The nanobelts are observed to have a large aspect ratio, with a diameter of 75(±5)nm and an average length of ∼5 μm. Electrochemical behavior of Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 nanobelts were studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic studies. Systematic, comparative studies for Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 annealed at various temperatures showed a good reversible initial discharge capacity values, with a maximum of high-temperature-annealed symmetric Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 cell has an initial discharge capacity of ∼152.42 mAhg −1 and >75% retention of initial capacity over 100 charge/discharge cycles exhibiting excellent cyclic stability and rate performance at a current density of 5000 mAg −1 . The pseudocapacitive surface charging in Na 1.16 V 3 O 8 nanobelts which facilitate low energy Li + pathways from surface to the subsurface V 3 O 8 − interlayer sites could be the main reason for its high rate performance capabilities observed.Global concerns over depleting fossil fuels and increase in global warming has resulted in extensive research in the area of renewable energy and, indisputably, energy storage plays a vital role in the conversion of energy obtained from renewable resources to energy grid. 1-7 One such energy storage system is the rechargeable battery, which plays a vital role in portable electronics such as computers, mobile phones and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Existing rechargeable battery technologies include lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Most of these batteries have intrinsic problems: 8-12 for example, lead acid and nickel cadmium systems suffer from low energy density and environmental concerns owing to the use of toxic materials like lead and cadmium, while Ni-MH batteries have large self-discharge and LIBs have high safety risks due to the combustible nature of organic electrolytes and the vigorous reaction that electrode material has with the organic electrolyte during overcharging or short-circuiting. As a result, manufacturing of LIBs requires sophisticated cell assembly technologies: the importance of having a dry, air-tight environment to prevent premature oxidation / hydroxylation of lithium (Li) ions lead to the high cost of LIBs in general. [13][14][15][16] Moreover, large-scale energy storage technologies lead to considerable concern regarding safety and toxicity, alongside electrochemical issues related to loss of energy density and efficiency. Four aircrafts from Boeing 787 dreamliner had electrical problems arising from its lithium ...

Li3V6O16 rods are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of LiOAc and V2O5 (autoclave, 200 °C, 48 h), followed by heat treatment at 400 °C.

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