Fractures of distal end radius are common fractures of the upper limb, and constitute 17% of all fractures and 75% of all forearm fractures. This fracture shows bimodal distribution of age with the fracture more commonly seen in children and elderly. Fractures that involve the articular surfaces of the distal radius can jeopardize the congruence and kinematics of the wrist joint. Anatomical articular reduction greatly reduces the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis and the quality of reduction relates directly to the final outcome. These types of fractures have been treated by various methods. Many fixation techniques have been described including pin and plaster fixation, percutaneous pinning, intramedullary pinning, external fixation (bridging or nonbridging, static or dynamic) and various forms of internal fixation with customised implants. The advantages of external fixation are the relative ease of application, minimal surgical exposure, and reduced surgical trauma. The disadvantages are prolonged immobilisation of the radiocarpal joint, indirect reduction of fracture fragments, loss of ligamentotaxis over time, and pin related complications. The advantages of plate osteosynthesis are direct fracture reduction, stable rigid fixation, and the possibility of immediate postoperative motion. Open reduction of the fracture allows reduction of the fracture under direct vision and should lead to accurate restoration of anatomy. Dorsal plates were associated with tendon rupture, tenosynovitis, reoperation, and 25% of collapse while the complication of volar plating is relatively low. The volar surface of the distal radius may be biologically more acceptable for open reduction and internal fixation than the dorsal surface because the flexor tendons are not as close to the bone sur faceas the extensor tendons.

Background and Objective: Proximal humerus fractures are one of the commonly encountered fractures in an orthopaedic setup comprising nearly 4% of all fractures. Achieving a stable fixation in three and four part fractures have always been a challenge. There is also a debate about the ideal method to treat such fractures. We undertook the present study to assess the functional outcome following proximal humerus fixation with proximal humerus locking plates. Methods: This is a prospective study of 30 cases of proximal humerus fractures operated by ORIF with Proximal humerus locking plate from January 2018 to May 2019 at Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Bengaluru. The cases were evaluated radiologically and functionally assessed using the Constant Murley score at the end of study. Results: In our case series of patients, majority were males, with RTA being the commonest mode of injury in young population and domestic fall being the most common mode of injury in elderly. All the fractures united with a good to excellent outcome in 76% of the patients. Malunions were the only complications and there were no incidences of screw perforation, AVN, plate impingement and infection. Conclusion:In conclusion locking compression plate is an advantageous implant in proximal humeral fractures due to angular stability, particularly in comminuted osteoporotic bones in elderly patients, thus allowing early mobilization.