Introduction: There is a paucity of data evaluating antibiotic use in anterior skull base surgery (ASBS). The goal of this study was to determine antibiotic prescribing patterns and factors that influence antibiotic use in ASBS.Methods: An online-based survey was distributed to the membership of the North American Skull Base Society in 2018. Outcomes included practitioner preference regarding intra-and postoperative antibiotic use, practice location and environment, surgeon experience, and patient factors influencing antibiotic use.

Endotracheal intubation poses high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other respiratory pathogens. We designed and here describe a protective drape that we believe will greatly reduce this risk. Unlike the intubation box that has been described prior, it is portable, disposable, and does not restrict operator dexterity. We have used it extensively and successfully during the height of the corona virus disease of 2019 outbreak.

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on postoperative infections after endoscopic sinus surgery and associated risk factors. Our objective was to evaluate a cohort of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis to determine which perioperative factors may be associated with infection in the 30-day postoperative period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent ESS at a tertiary academic medical center from 2015 to 2018 was performed. The primary outcome was incidence of postoperative infection, defined by identification of sinus purulence on nasal endoscopy necessitating antibiotics within 30 days of surgery. Independent variables collated included the result of postoperative cultures and use of perioperative antibiotics, oral corticosteroids, packing, and steroid-eluting stents. Statistical analysis involved bivariate analysis to identify variables that correlated with postoperative infection and subsequent multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Results: Three hundred seventy-eight unique ESS cases performed in 356 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 46 years (range, 18-87). The most common indication for surgery was chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. The postoperative infection rate was 10.1%. The most commonly cultured pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative systemic corticosteroid use was the only risk factor independently associated with infection (OR 3.47 [95% CI 1.23-9.76], P = .018). Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative infection following ESS was 10.1%. The use of postoperative systemic corticosteroids independently increased the risk of infection by 3.47-fold.

This study demonstrated that each of the 3 simulators analyzed—Bioniko, Kitaro, and SimulEYE—delivers a unique experience in CCC creation from the perspective of expert cataract surgeons.