The value of contact resistance between metallic current lead and electrode mass composite is one of the key parameters for determination of performance of energy storage devices, such as batteries, supercapacitors, etc. During discharge process of batteries the resistance of interface between electrode mass layer & the current collector influences on the battery voltage The surface of the aluminum foil, which used as a current collector for positive electrodes in lithium batteries is passivated by Al2O3 film that has a low electric conductivity. As result the energy and power battery are decreased. Our article is connected with technology for Li electrode production that insures the low interface resistance between electrode collector and electrode mass, the increasing the power of batteries, and stability the cycling. We have the strong opinion that the success of technology must be supported by nondestructive testing the initial materials, semi- and final product during batteries production.

The comparative characteristics of sulfur allotropes (orthorhombic and polymeric) in Li –S cells have been presented. The difference in the structure and physico-chemical properties of the initial material has been shown. The electrochemical properties of S-based cathodes in non-aqueous liquid electrolyte (0.7 M LiIm, 0.25 M LiNO3, DME: DOL (2:1) in lithium rechargeable batteries have been investigated.

The purpose of research and development, the results of which are presented in this publication is the modification of carbon materials for use in anode and cathode materials Li batteries with non-aqueous electrolytes. Innovative carbon materials will provide increased energy and safety of lithium current sources, while at the same time reducing the cost of lithium current sources.

In this paper, natural pyrite (FeS2) was used as the cathode material of a reserve small-sized cylindrical battery Li -FeS2. Li-FeS2 cylindrical reserve battery size: h = 55 mm; d = 6.3 mm. The theoretical specific discharge capacity of FeS2 is 890 mA•h/g. and the theoretical bulk energy is 6675 W•h/cm 3 For comparison for sulfur electrode the theoretical bulk energy is 6400 W•h/cm 3 As the anode, for this Li -FeS2 battery a lithium foil was used, the surface of which was modified with a LiAl alloy. An innovative method of electrochemical activation for increasing the specific energy of battery was developed. After battery activation the discharge voltage of the reserve battery rises, and as a result, the battery energy rises by about 30 %. The surface modification of the lithium anode with the LiAl alloy allows to decreased in 3 times complex impedance of the system at a temperature of + 25 °C, in 5-8 times the complex impedance of the system during long-term storage at temperature of + 60 °C and avoid surface deformation of the lithium electrode during long-term storage. After battery activation the battery has very low self -discharge. The developed reserve battery can be operated at the temperature range from plus 60 o C to minus 25 o C.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are promising in terms of reducing their cost and increasing specific energy. The cost reduction is possible due to the low price and availability of sulfur, and the increase of the specific energy - due to the high specific electrochemical capacity of this material, which is 1,680 mAh/g. In the future, lithium-sulfur batteries can replace modern lithium-ion batteries. In the past few years, great progress has been made in the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. The stability of cycling sulfuric electrodes is achieved by introducing nanostructured carbon materials. This article will consider an innovative method of manufacturing sulfuric electrodes based on the method of impregnation of a porous carbon matrix with sulfur solution.