Subject of this research is contained in its title. We examined the connection and the influence of the foreign exchange rate on the foreign trade balance of Serbia as an independent state in this century, that is, in the period 2007-2017. The aim was to determine whether the theoretical paradigm applies in concrete terms, and that the decline in the value of the domestic currency leads to an improvement in the balance of payments, given the role of price elasticities of import and export demand as well as the level of domestic consumption. The SPSS software package was used for statistical data processing. The observed variables: foreign exchange foreign trade deficit, the exchange rate, the effective nominal exchange rate and the effective real exchange rate are from the point of view of the Scale type. The data were taken from official sources, primarily from the National Bank of Serbia and the Ministry of Finance of Serbia. The obtained results unequivocally confirm that in specific conditions depreciation of the dinar is favorable to the reduction of the deficit of the foreign trade balance. The basic value of this result is that such a policy should continue if the goal is to improve the liquidity of Serbia in international payments. We conclude that the policy of the exchange rate of the dinar in the observed period was properly conducted, and that within the framework of other measures of economic policy, primarily monetary and fiscal, in that sense, gave satisfactory results. In the paper itself, we first defined the basic concepts related to the types and exchange rate regimes. We have added additional conditions for the effectiveness of this policy in order to improve the balance of external trade. By testing the hypotesess we verified the validity of the initial hypotheses of the research. We concluded that the economic policy in this domain in the mentioned period was conducted with due diligence.

This research deals with the relationship between economic quality of institutions and economic development. For obtaining the value quantification of institutional quality, we measured rankings of 138 most important national economies based on three pillars of competitiveness, and we used Gross national product per capita to measure development. We applied Spearman`s rank correlation coefficient based on these two parameters for measuring the relationship between ranking of national economies. There is no doubt that a strong direct relationship was recognised. The value of the result lies in the identification of institutional economics as the major cause for different development levels of certain countries. This implies that in case of value measurement of our country, also the most efficient tool would be to put focus on increase of institutional quality.

No abstract

Predmet ovog rada je ocena srpske ekonomije kroz prizmu životnog standarda, i uopšte kvaliteta života stanovništva, što smatramo najznačajnijim kriterijumom blagostanja. Istraživanje je vršeno komparacijom srpske ekonomije sa ekonomijama sa kojima to ima najviše smisla, a to su zemlje iz neposrednog okruženja, sa ciljem da se dobije najrealnija slika. Takođe, sve ove države su podeljene u dve grupe: članice Evropske Unije (EU) i ostale, pa je kompariran kvalitet života stanovništva, da bi utvrdili razlike među njima. Primenom statističkih metoda: Studentovog t-testa i jednofaktorske analize varijanse (ANOVA), utvrđeno je da po pitanju vrednosti Indeksa ljudskog razvoja, kojim se meri kvalitet života stanovništva, u posmatranom periodu postoji značajna statistička razlika između Srbije sa jedne, i Rumunije i Albanije sa druge strane. Takođe, utvrđeno je da takva razlika ne postoji između grupe zemalja članica, i grupe zemalja koje apliciraju za prijem u EU. Ovakav ugao posmatranja nacionalne ekonomije i egzaktni pristup, nisu uobičajeni u našoj savremenoj praksi, a mogu biti korisni kao podloga neprestanom usavršavanju privrednog sistema i vođenja ekonomske politike. Trebalo bi se ugledati na uspešnije uporedive privrede i preispitati proklamovane ekonomske koristi članstva u EU.Ključne reči: Indeks ljudskog razvoja, statistički značajne razlike, kvalitet života stanovništva, članstvo u EU

This paper deals with the relation between entrepreneurship education and competitiveness of the national economy. It is based on the assumption that the overall goal of civilization of human society is promotion of a market economy, parliamentary democracy and the rule of law. It is believed that the improvement of competitiveness is of the greatest contribution to the realization of these aspirations as it also requires the development of an integrated market and the establishment of the rule of law, and also provides the material basis and provides an incentive for the development of democratic processes in society. We want to show that the promotion of entrepreneurship education is an important link in the process of improving competitiveness, especially in the middle and high-income countries. Here we analyze the data from the most current report of the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 of the world and from 2012 to 2013. Using the method of correlation analysis we confirm the remarkable cohesion and coherence of entrepreneurship education and competitiveness of the ten sample countries with different levels of economic development, but which do not belong to the circle of the poor. It confirms the hypothesis that entrepreneurship education is an important element of competitiveness in middle-income and advanced economies. Thus useful to point out their development and education for the Balkan transition economies. Way of improving competitiveness will undoubtedly lead the transformation of education in entrepreneurial terms.