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Currently, the ergatic software and hardware complex, called the “flight simulator”, is used worldwide for professional training of crew members in piloting an aircraft in special flight conditions. Flight and integrated flight simulators include a visual environment simulator that synthesizes for a pilot a three-dimensional image of the external environment behind the simulator’s cabin, which allows pilots to be trained in visual landing on a runway model, while solving aeronautical problems. Simulators of the visual environment developed earlier could not synthesize recognizable areas of the area more than 400 × 400 km in size necessary for training in solving problems of self-driving. Therefore, simulators for the training of navigators were separately developed, teaching the determination of the location of the model of an aircraft in the model of the environment according to the models of radio engineering means of aircraft. Modern optical-technical-software systems for the synthesis of three-dimensional models of the external environment allow us to develop new and modernize existing flight and complex flight simulators by adding training to the crew of the aircraft in solving problems of aircraft navigation. The analysis carried out by the authors of this article showed that for this it is necessary to solve the problem of selecting objects that should become benchmarks and their placement according to the model of a large area. Solutions are proposed that allow us to solve the tasks and develop a model of a recognizable piece of the earth’s surface that is sufficient to solve the problems of piloting and self-driving training on an aircraft simulator.

This article describes the problems, which arise when planning the shunting work on industrial railway transport, as well as suggests the ways of solving them. There are special feature specified here, which differentiate the shunting work at enterprises from the work, performed by the main transport. The necessity has been revealed and explained for the development of an automated software system, which will allow objectively evaluating the operational situation and choosing the most suitable option for performing the shunting work. There are basic optimization techniques described, which are used in the software product developed, as well as their importance and necessity has been substantiated. The main methods include: improvement with the help of registering the radii and curvature radii and curves of traffic areas; consideration of dependence of fuel consumption by shunting locomotives from the execution modes of shunting half-runs and the availability of time reserves; route selection depending on its length, the number of railroad switches, speed restrictions and travel time. Combination of existing methods of improving the shunting work with new proposals in one software package will allow receiving a convenient tool, assisting in operational planning, as well as in the identification of traffic bottlenecks and their management strategies. Computerization and automation of transport processes will have a positive impact on the development of connecting tracks and will help to improve the interrelation of the industrial and main line.

The development of new software to improve the operation of modernised and developed technological facilities in different sectors of the national economy requires a systematic approach. For example, the use of video recording systems obtained during operations with the use of endoscopic equipment allows monitoring the work of doctors. Minor change of the used software allows using additionally processed video fragments for creation of training complexes. The authors of the present article took part in the development of many educational software and hardware systems. The first such system was the “Contact” system, developed in the eighties of the last century at Riga Polytechnic Institute. Later on, car simulators, air plan simulators, walking excavator simulators and the optical software-hardware training system “Three-Dimensional Medical Atlas” were developed. Analysis of various simulators and training systems showed that the computers used in them could not by themselves be a learning system. When creating a learning system, many factors must be considered so that the student does not receive false skills. The goal of the study is to analyse the training systems created for the professional training of medical personnel working with endoscopic equipment, in particular, with equipment equipped with 3D indicators.