One of the main directions of the feed manufacturing industry development is the improvement of the output product quality that ensures its efficacy in modern agricultural production. Some international experience in using the essential microelements in the form of nanopowders in the diets of farm animals has been gained. The article is devoted to the development and justification of a technical solution to the problem of dispensing ultrafine (nano) powders in the industrial production of combined feeds. The authors carried out theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of the conditions of functioning of industrial-technological equipment on the properties of several nanopowders of micro metals. The parametric model of the proposed pneumatic dispenser of bulk nanomaterials allows taking into account various structural and technological changes in the dosing process during the preparation of feed mixtures. The author presents a methodology for calculating the oscillatory system of a pneumatic dispenser, including an annular membrane with fixed edges, based on the equivalent replacement of a system with distributed parameters (membrane) with a system with lumped parameters, which allows replacing the oscillatory model with a translational motion model. An engineering-mathematical model that describes forced membrane oscillations, the dispenser oscillation system and the behaviour of the ultrafine material in the working chamber was constructed on its basis. Practical implementation of the results made it possible to obtain a prototype of bulk ultrafine materials dispenser.

The article is devoted to the problem of dosing and incorporation of ultrafine (nano) trace metals into mixed feed. Nanomaterials (in the form of ultrafine powders and suspensions) differ significantly in their properties and effects from substances in the form of macroscopic dispersions and continuous phases. The authors present the experimental findings of the impact of the operation conditions of mixed feed production on ultrafine powders of trace metal properties. A review of the dosing means used in feed preparation and analysis of their technical and technological parameters showed the need to develop the authors' design of a dispenser of ultrafine liquid-like materials. A hallmark of the presented dispenser is the availability of two isolated pneumatic chambers, a solenoid valve in the supply tank and a pneumatic shut-off valve at the end of the rod that provide increased operating speed, improved dosing accuracy and automatic introduction of ultrafine materials into the processed feed mixture. The article provides a dynamic analysis of a pneumatic actuator; for this purpose, the authors determined the operating effort on the rod when moving the membrane center to a predetermined setpoint, the response time of the pneumatic actuator, the time of filling the membrane chamber to a predetermined pressure, as well as estimated the working force stock on the membrane rod when it is deflected by the magnitude of the stroke. Based on the system of engineering analysis, the technical characteristics of the dispenser of ultrafine liquid-like materials were obtained, which allowed the authors to create a prototype that is being tested at the training and production facilities of the Orenburg State Agrarian University.

One of the main trends in the development of the forage industry is the improvement of the organization of production processes that ensure its effective functioning through the introduction of technological innovations. The article is devoted to the development and substantiation of methodology that gives a reliable and consistent assessment of the effectiveness of methods of organizing all technological processes in the structure of production of combined feeds. The authors constructed structural-functional models of technological processes for preparation of combined fodders, implementing the basic principles of production organization. The apparatus of the theory of graphs, as a modeling tool, made it possible to apply effective algorithms for decomposing complex technological processes of feed production and thereby structure them on an abstract level for solving a number of practical problems. Each of the basic methods of production organization has been put in accordance with the oriented graphs, the arcs of which establish factor relationships in the groups of advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The study and analysis of such root structures, corresponding to all basic schemes, facilitated the development of computational formulas for the calculation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the efficiency of the methods of organizing technological processes in the structure of production of combined feeds. The quantitative index is a generalized summary index of efficiency, a factor of factor efficiency gives a qualitative estimate. The cumulative use of indicators led to the creation of an accessible methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the organization of technological processes, which was tested in conditions of a really functioning feed mill production and proved its effectiveness.