The emergence of internal control over specific segments of activities has been associated with management needs for evaluation of the consistency between the actual situation and development targets. Monitoring activities should enable detection and timely reaction to possible target-related deviations. While responding to complex market needs, companies are exposed to numerous internal and external influences, some of which may cause significant damage. Companies have realized that it is safer and cheaper to establish their own internal control systems in order to prevent such influences. The aim of this work is to show how the overall quality of control and company performance is improved through implementation of preventive methods by internal controls, and to indicate that a developed system of internal control represents a protective barrier against various kinds of data manipulation and fraud inside the companies. Special attention was paid to fraud in financial statements since it can cause the most serious damage leading to instability of the economic-financial environment.

A 57-year-old patient with Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (LCG) is presented. During 22 years of treatment, there were five relapsing infiltrations at different sites of the skull bones, which were treated by surgery, local radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. During the last relapse, the right temporal bone was infiltrated by granuloma and the petrous bone was destroyed with an intimate spread to the internal carotid artery. After two palliative surgical resections and ineffective radiotherapy, 12 cycles of chemotherapy (vinblastine plus prednisolone) were applied and a clinical remission of the disease was achieved. Special attention is paid to the complexity of diagnosis and choice of therapy. It is concluded that the behavior of LCG may change with time, and assume an aggressive form of the disease. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for this type of multifocal malignant form of LCG. Prognosis of the disease is unpredictable.

Bi sal bu mi ne mija kod bo les ni ka iz Hr vat ske sa sar koi do zomBi sal bu mi ne mia in a ma le Croa tian pa tie nt wi th sar coi do sis Ana-Ma ria Šimun dić 1 , Ma ri ja na Mi ler 1 , No ra Ni ko lac 1 , Eli za be ta To pić 1 , Dub rav ka Čaržavec 2 , Bran ka Mi la no vić 1 , Vladimir Stančić 2 1 Klinič ki za vod za ke mi ju, KB "Ses tre mi los r dni ce", Zag reb 1 University De par tme nt of Che mis try, Ses tre mi los r dni ce Uni ver si ty Hos pi tal, Zag reb, Croa tia 2 Kli ni ka za unu tar nje bo les ti, KB "Ses tre mi los r dni ce", Zag reb 2 Uni ver si ty De par tme nt of In ter nal Me di ci ne, Ses tre mi los r dni ce Uni ver si ty Hos pi tal, Zag reb, Croa tia Sa že takUvod: Uro đe na bi sal bu mi ne mi ja je ri jet ka bo le st, naj češ će pri sut na u be nignom ob li ku, do sad opi si va na u ne ko li ko pa to loš kih sta nja. Već su opi sa ne dvije gen ske va ri jan te kod dvi je hr vat ske obi te lji. U ovom ra du iz vješ ta va mo o no vom slu ča ju bi sal bumi ne mi je kod bo les ni ka iz Hr vat ske sa sar koi do zom. Me to de: Bo les nik je, od stra ne li ječ ni ka op će prak se, upu ćen u KB "Ses tre milos r dni ce" na di jag nos tič ki preg led pod sum njom na sa rkoi dozu. Nap rav lje na je ka pi lar na elek tro fo re za pro tei na u se ru mu s au to matizi ra nim ure đa jem za ka pi lar nu elek tro fo re zu. Rezul ta ti: Te me ljem la bo ra to rij skih i pa to loš kih na la za pot vrđena je sar koido za. Elek tro fo re zom u se ru mu ot kri ve ne su dvije raz li či te frak ci je al bu mina. Do dat na frak ci ja al bu mi na bi la je spo ro mig ri ra ju ća. Ta sporo mig ri ra ju ća frak ci ja či ni la je 0,48, a nor mal na 0,51 ukup nog al bu mi na. Ses tra bo les ni ka ta ko đer je ima la bisal bu mi ne mi ju. Zak lju čak: Ovo je no vi slu čaj uro đe ne bi sal bu mi ne mi je kod bo les ni ka sa sarkoi do zom. Ima li bi sal bu mi ne mija ikak ve ve ze sa sar koi do zom, pot reb no je tek raz jas ni ti. Sva ki slu čaj po ja ve uro đenih ili ste čenih frak ci ja al bu mi na trebao bi pro bu di ti paž nju medicinskih biokemičara i kli ni čara, jer bi mo gao pruži ti uvid u evo lu ci ju pro tei na kao i u fi zičke, ke mij ske i mo le ku lar ne ka rak teris ti ke al bu mi na. Ključ ne ri je či: bi sal bu mi ne mi ja; ka pi lar na zon ska elek tro fo re za; ge ne tič ka he te ro ge no st; sar koi do za; al bu min u se ru mu Ab stra ctBac kgrou nd: In he ri ted bi sal bu mi ne mia is ra re, mos tly be ni gn sta te, whi ch has so far been des cri bed in se ve ral pat ho lo gi cal con di tio ns. Two ge ne tic varian ts ha ve al rea dy been des cri bed in two Croa tian fa mi lies. He rein we re po rt a new ca se of bi sal bu mi ne mia in a Croa tian ma le pa tie nt wi th sar coi do sis. Met ho ds: The pa tie nt was re fer red by a ge ne ral prac ti tio ner to our hos pi tal for a diag nos tic wo rk up for sus pec ted sar coi do sis. Se rum ca pil la ry pro tein elec trop ho re sis was per for med wi th au to ma ted ca pil la ry elec trop ho re sis system. Re sul ts: Based on la bo ra to ry and pat ho l...

There is insufficient information on the effects of chemotherapy protocols for Hodgkin's disease (HD) and the course of coexisting hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A single literature case reported a patient with HD who developed fulminant hepatitis and hepatic coma after receiving chemotherapy. The case described here is of a female patient previously exposed to prolonged war stress, complicated by intravenous drug abuse and chronic hepatitis C. One year after diagnosis of HCV infection she was diagnosed with HD (nodular sclerosis type II, clinical stage IIIB). The patient received six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) resulting in complete remission of HD. There was no hepatitis flare either during or after chemotherapy. In conclusion, there were no adverse effects of the ABVD regimen on the course of HCV infection in this patient who was successfully treated for HD. Because concurrent HCV infection and HD is extremely rare, we discuss here the possibility of the synergistic contribution of chronic war stress and hepatitis C infection in the pathogenesis of HD.

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