Este artigo tem como objectivo discutir a validação intercultural do Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ), sendo constituído por 45 itens divididos em três subescalas – (i) percepção emocional (PE), (ii) expressão emocional (EE) e (iii) capacidade para lidar com a emoção (CLE) –, e classificado como um instrumento de avaliação da “inteligência emocional de tipo traço” ou da “percepção de competência emocional”. Foi originalmente desenvolvido no contexto croata, de acordo com a perspectiva teórica de Mayer e Salovey (1997), tendo sido traduzido para inglês e apresentado, em 2001, no 7th European Congress of Psychology, em Londres. São apresentadas as qualidades psicométricas e as relações do ESCQ com outros construtos relevantes, nos contextos Croata, Português, Finlandês, Sueco, Esloveno, Espanhol e Japonês, utilizando amostras-alvo de estudantes do ensino secundário e universitário, bem como de sujeitos mais velhos (trabalhadores e supervisores de empresas), tendo evidenciado bons valores de validade de construto, convergente, divergente e concorrente. Contudo, o valor de alpha de Cronbach da subescala CLE exige melhoria, enfatizando a necessidade de prosseguir os estudos de validade do ESCQ.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.390

Intergenerational transmission of memory is a process by which biographical knowledge contributes to the construction of collective memory (representation of a shared past). We investigated the intergenerational transmission of war-related memories and social-distance attitudes in second-generation post-war Croatians. We compared 2 groups of young adults from (1) Eastern Croatia (extensively affected by the war) and (2) Western Croatia (affected relatively less by the war). Participants were asked to (a) recall the 10 most important events that occurred in one of their parents' lives, (b) estimate the calendar years of each, and (c) provide scale ratings on them. Additionally, (d) all participants completed a modified Bogardus Social Distance scale, as well as an (e) War Events Checklist for their parents' lives. There were several findings. First, approximately two-thirds of Eastern Croatians and one-half of Western Croatians reported warrelated events from their parents' lives. Second, war-related memories impacted the second-generation's identity to a greater extent than did non-war-related memories; this effect was significantly greater in Eastern Croatians than in Western Croatians. Third, war-related events displayed markedly different mnemonic characteristics than non-war-related events. Fourth, the temporal distribution of events surrounding the war produced an upheaval bump, suggesting major transitions (e.g., war) contribute to the way collective memory is formed. And, finally, outright social ostracism and aggression toward out-groups were rarely expressed, independent of region. Nonetheless, social-distance scores were notably higher in Eastern Croatia than in Western Croatia.

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The main goal of our research was to investigate whether the ability of emotional understanding can predict students' school achievement over and above fluid intelligence and the Big Five personality factors. A sample of 493 pupils (45% girls) participated in this study (M age = 12.61, SD = 1.12). According to our results, girls were slightly better than boys in understanding emotions. Girls also had a slightly higher GPA than boys, and reported engaging in more altruistic and prosocial behavior than boys. As expected, boys reported more aggressive behaviors than girls. Understanding emotions had a weak but significant effect on the prediction of aggressive behavior. It also accounted for an additional 5% (for boys) and 9% (for girls) of the variance of GPA, after controlling for fluid intelligence and personality factors. A better understanding of emotions is important for academic achievement, as well as for well-being and adjustment in the educational environment.

Young adults in the United States, Croatia, and China described personal episodes of times when they felt especially good or bad about themselves. These self-esteem memories were either recent (episodes that occurred during the previous 4 weeks) or remote (episodes that occurred between the ages of 10 and 15). Systematic content differences between memories of positive and negative self-worth were apparent primarily for remote rather than for recent memories. Across cultures, long-lasting positive memories frequently represented achievement themes, whereas negative memories frequently represented social themes. Links between achievement success and positive self-regard, and between social distress and negative self-regard, are explained using theories of self-esteem and autobiographical memory.